{"doi":"10.1093/ajcp/aqaa248","title":"Cytomorphologic Features Found in Cerebrospinal Fluid Specimens of Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis Patients","abstract":"OBJECTIVES: Central nervous system involvement is present in 70% of patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (CNS-HLH). CNS-HLH is defined by neurologic deficits, neuroimaging abnormalities, or positive cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) findings. The CSF cytomorphologic spectrum of CNS-HLH, however, has not been well investigated. METHODS: A retrospective review was performed on 64 CSF specimens from pediatric and adult patients with HLH. Ten patients had clinicoradiologic evidence of CNS involvement. RESULTS: We identified five CSF cytomorphologic patterns: (1) hemophagocytosis, (2) vacuolated macrophages without evidence of hemophagocytosis, (3) monocytes and/or nonvacuolated macrophages, (4) acellular specimens, and (5) bloody specimens. Patterns 1 and 2 were common in CNS-HLH and rare in patients without CNS involvement. The CSF cytomorphologic patterns did not correlate well with WBC counts or protein concentration. CONCLUSIONS: Our study offers a comprehensive view of the cytomorphologic features seen in CSF specimens from patients with HLH.","journal":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","year":2020,"id":74540,"datarank":0.7208587869979974,"base_score":2.4849066497880004,"endowment":2.4849066497880004,"self_citation_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citation_network_contribution":0.34812278952979725,"self_endowment_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citer_contribution":0.34812278952979725,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":11,"citers_with_citation_signal":6,"citers_with_endowment":6,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.8588,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":391457,"name":"Dragoș C. Luca","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":390117,"name":"Christopher J. VandenBussche","orcid":"0000-0002-8822-5655","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":337048,"name":"Cheng‐Ying Ho","orcid":"0000-0003-1036-8370","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":391456,"name":"Susan Shyu","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":33,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T21:46:11.663457Z","pmid":"33624013","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}