{"doi":"10.1093/ajcp/aqaa236","title":"Evaluation of Human Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (hKIM-1) Expression in Tumors From Various Organs by Messenger RNA In Situ Hybridization","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human kidney injury molecule 1 (hKIM-1) is a sensitive and specific marker for detection of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), and ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Its use was limited to a few surgical pathology laboratories because this specific antibody to hKIM-1 was not commercially available. We investigated the diagnostic utility of RNA in situ hybridization/RNAscope in the detection of hKIM-1 in tumors from various organs.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RNAscope for hKIM-1 was performed on 1,252 cases on tissue microarray sections, including CRCC (n = 185), PRCC (n = 59), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (n = 18), oncocytoma (n = 12), OCCC (n = 27), and metastatic CRCC (n = 46).</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-nine (100%) of 59 PRCCs, 94 (95%) of 99 low-grade CRCCs, 83 (96%) of 86 high-grade CRCCs, and 24 (89%) of 27 OCCCs, and 44 (96%) of 46 metastatic CRCCs were positive for hKIM-1. In contrast, hKIM-1 expression was not seen in normal renal tubules or in most nonrenal tumors. Low-level expression could be seen in a small percentage of urothelial, hepatocellular, and colon carcinomas.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>hKIM-1 is a sensitive and relatively specific marker (1) for diagnosing PRCC, CRCC, and OCCC when working on a tumor of unknown origin and (2) for differentiating CRCC from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>","journal":"American Journal of Clinical Pathology","year":2021,"id":629199,"datarank":0.29188652235829704,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"self_citation_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.29188652235829704,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":6,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1615514,"name":"Jianhui Shi","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":706041,"name":"Benjamin Lin","orcid":"0000-0002-0580-6818","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":413670,"name":"Haiyan Liu","orcid":"0000-0002-2500-4601","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1629394,"name":"Robert Monroe","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":33829,"name":"Fan Lin","orcid":"0000-0001-9634-2408","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1262531,"name":"Iman Sarami","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Evaluation of Human Kidney Injury Molecule 1 (hKIM-1) Expression in Tumors From Various Organs by Messenger RNA In Situ Hybridization","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objectives</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Human kidney injury molecule 1 (hKIM-1) is a sensitive and specific marker for detection of clear cell renal cell carcinoma (CRCC), papillary renal cell carcinoma (PRCC), and ovarian clear cell carcinoma (OCCC). Its use was limited to a few surgical pathology laboratories because this specific antibody to hKIM-1 was not commercially available. We investigated the diagnostic utility of RNA in situ hybridization/RNAscope in the detection of hKIM-1 in tumors from various organs.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>RNAscope for hKIM-1 was performed on 1,252 cases on tissue microarray sections, including CRCC (n = 185), PRCC (n = 59), chromophobe renal cell carcinoma (n = 18), oncocytoma (n = 12), OCCC (n = 27), and metastatic CRCC (n = 46).</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-nine (100%) of 59 PRCCs, 94 (95%) of 99 low-grade CRCCs, 83 (96%) of 86 high-grade CRCCs, and 24 (89%) of 27 OCCCs, and 44 (96%) of 46 metastatic CRCCs were positive for hKIM-1. In contrast, hKIM-1 expression was not seen in normal renal tubules or in most nonrenal tumors. Low-level expression could be seen in a small percentage of urothelial, hepatocellular, and colon carcinomas.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusions</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>hKIM-1 is a sensitive and relatively specific marker (1) for diagnosing PRCC, CRCC, and OCCC when working on a tumor of unknown origin and (2) for differentiating CRCC from chromophobe renal cell carcinoma and oncocytoma.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.9459101490553132,"endowment":1.9459101490553132,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"33608720","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3133395876","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.37,"citation_percentile":0.67511249,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://academic.oup.com/journals/pages/open_access/funder_policies/chorus/standard_publication_model","oa_locations":[{"url":"http://academic.oup.com/ajcp/article-pdf/156/2/288/38878024/aqaa236.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ajcp/aqaa236","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/33608720","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Renal cell carcinoma treatment","Renal and related cancers","Bladder and Urothelial Cancer Treatments","Biomarkers, Tumor","Diagnosis, Differential","Female","Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1","Humans","In Situ Hybridization","Male","Neoplasms","RNA, Messenger","Sensitivity and Specificity"],"mesh_terms":["Hepatitis A Virus Cellular Receptor 1","Diagnosis, Differential","Female","Humans","Male","Neoplasms","RNA, Messenger","Sensitivity and Specificity","Biomarkers, Tumor","In Situ Hybridization"],"keywords":["Chromophobe cell","Oncocytoma","Renal oncocytoma","Papillary renal cell carcinomas","Pathology","Clear cell","Clear cell carcinoma","Renal cell carcinoma","Immunohistochemistry","Tissue microarray","Medicine","Clear cell renal cell carcinoma","Kidney","In situ hybridization","Hepatocellular carcinoma","Carcinoma","Biology","Cancer research","Internal medicine","Gene expression","Gene","Metastatic renal cell carcinoma","Ovarian clear cell carcinoma","RNA in situ hybridization","hKIM-1"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-05T17:29:43.491035Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}