{"doi":"10.1093/ageing/afae125","title":"Development and validation of a frailty index for use in the osteoarthritis initiative","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) evaluates the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Frailty captures the heterogeneity in aging. Use of this resource-intensive dataset to answer aging-related research questions could be enhanced by a frailty measure.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To: (i) develop a deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) for the OAI; (ii) examine its relationship with age and compare between sexes, (iii) validate the FI versus all-cause mortality and (iv) compare this association with mortality with a modified frailty phenotype.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>OAI cohort study.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>North America.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Subjects</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An FI was determined for 4,755/4,796 and 4,149/4,796 who had a valid FI and frailty phenotype.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-nine-variables were screened for inclusion. Multivariate Cox regression evaluated the impact of FI or phenotype on all-cause mortality at follow-up (up to 146 months), controlling for age and sex.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-one items were included. FI scores (0.16 ± 0.09) were higher in older adults and among females (both, P &amp;lt; 0.001). By follow-up, 264 people had died (6.4%). Older age, being male, and greater FI were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (all, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The model including FI was a better fit than the model including the phenotype (AIC: 4,167 vs. 4,178) and was a better predictor of all-cause mortality than the phenotype with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.652 vs. 0.581.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed an FI using the OAI and validated it in relation to all-cause mortality. The FI may be used to study aging on clinical, functional and structural aspects of osteoarthritis included in the OAI.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>","journal":"Age and Ageing","year":2024,"id":609082,"datarank":0.31191623125197543,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"self_citation_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1565157,"name":"Selena P Maxwell","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1565158,"name":"Rebecca Moyer","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":85737,"name":"Kenneth Rockwood","orcid":"0000-0002-6674-995X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":614587,"name":"Olga Theou","orcid":"0000-0001-6460-782X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1023024,"name":"Myles W. O’Brien","orcid":"0000-0002-0665-5062","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Development and validation of a frailty index for use in the osteoarthritis initiative","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Background</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>The Osteoarthritis Initiative (OAI) evaluates the development and progression of osteoarthritis. Frailty captures the heterogeneity in aging. Use of this resource-intensive dataset to answer aging-related research questions could be enhanced by a frailty measure.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Objective</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>To: (i) develop a deficit accumulation frailty index (FI) for the OAI; (ii) examine its relationship with age and compare between sexes, (iii) validate the FI versus all-cause mortality and (iv) compare this association with mortality with a modified frailty phenotype.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Design</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>OAI cohort study.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Setting</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>North America.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Subjects</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>An FI was determined for 4,755/4,796 and 4,149/4,796 who had a valid FI and frailty phenotype.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Methods</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Fifty-nine-variables were screened for inclusion. Multivariate Cox regression evaluated the impact of FI or phenotype on all-cause mortality at follow-up (up to 146 months), controlling for age and sex.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Results</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Thirty-one items were included. FI scores (0.16 ± 0.09) were higher in older adults and among females (both, P &amp;lt; 0.001). By follow-up, 264 people had died (6.4%). Older age, being male, and greater FI were associated with a higher risk of all-cause mortality (all, P &amp;lt; 0.001). The model including FI was a better fit than the model including the phenotype (AIC: 4,167 vs. 4,178) and was a better predictor of all-cause mortality than the phenotype with an area under receiver operating characteristic curve: 0.652 vs. 0.581.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>\n               <jats:sec>\n                  <jats:title>Conclusion</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>We developed an FI using the OAI and validated it in relation to all-cause mortality. The FI may be used to study aging on clinical, functional and structural aspects of osteoarthritis included in the OAI.</jats:p>\n               </jats:sec>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"38935532","pmcid":"PMC11210396","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4400078143","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.8574,"citation_percentile":0.84670051,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":6}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by-nc","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article-pdf/53/6/afae125/58347647/afae125.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://academic.oup.com/ageing/article-pdf/53/6/afae125/58347647/afae125.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ageing/afae125","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38935532","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/11210396","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11210396/pdf/afae125.pdf","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Frailty in Older Adults","Nutrition and Health in Aging","Chronic Disease Management Strategies"],"mesh_terms":["Frailty","Age Factors","Aged","Aged, 80 and over","Cause of Death","Female","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","North America","Osteoarthritis","Phenotype","Predictive Value of Tests","Risk Factors","Sex Factors","Reproducibility of Results","Geriatric Assessment","Frail Elderly","Risk Assessment"],"keywords":["Medicine","Frailty Index","Osteoarthritis","Proportional hazards model","Gerontology","Multivariate statistics","Cohort","Internal medicine","Receiver operating characteristic","Multivariate analysis","Demography","Phenotype","Pathology","Alternative medicine","Statistics","Sex differences","Biological Aging","Older People","All-cause Mortality","Bone Health","Measurement Tools"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-31T02:59:52.599572Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}