{"doi":"10.1091/mbc.e03-05-0295","title":"The Simultaneous Production of Phosphatidic Acid and Diacylglycerol Is Essential for the Translocation of Protein Kinase Cϵ to the Plasma Membrane in RBL-2H3 Cells","abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate the role of the C2 domain in protein kinase Cϵ (PKCϵ) localization and activation after stimulation of the IgE receptor in RBL-2H3 cells, we used a series of mutants located in the phospholipid binding region of the enzyme. The results obtained suggest that the interaction of the C2 domain with the phospholipids in the plasma membrane is essential for anchoring the enzyme in this cellular compartment. Furthermore, the use of specific inhibitors of the different pathways that generate both diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid has shown that the phosphatidic acid generated via phospholipase D (PLD)-dependent pathway, in addition to the diacylglycerol generated via phosphoinosite-phospholipase C (PLC), are involved in the localization of PKCϵ in the plasma membrane. Direct stimulation of RBL-2H3 cells with very low concentrations of permeable phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol exerted a synergistic effect on the plasma membrane localization of PKCϵ. Moreover, the in vitro kinase assays showed that both phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol are essential for enzyme activation. Together, these results demonstrate that phosphatidic acid is an important and essential activator of PKCϵ through the C2 domain and locate this isoenzyme in a new scenario where it acts as a downstream target of PLD.</jats:p>","journal":"Molecular Biology of the Cell","year":2003,"id":688794,"datarank":0.6716005221717312,"base_score":4.477336814478207,"endowment":4.477336814478207,"self_citation_contribution":0.6716005221717312,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6716005221717312,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":87,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1799451,"name":"Juan C. Gomez-Fernandez","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1799453,"name":"Senena Corbalan-Garcia","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1799450,"name":"Maria Jose Lopez-Andreo","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"The Simultaneous Production of Phosphatidic Acid and Diacylglycerol Is Essential for the Translocation of Protein Kinase Cϵ to the Plasma Membrane in RBL-2H3 Cells","abstract":"<jats:p>To evaluate the role of the C2 domain in protein kinase Cϵ (PKCϵ) localization and activation after stimulation of the IgE receptor in RBL-2H3 cells, we used a series of mutants located in the phospholipid binding region of the enzyme. The results obtained suggest that the interaction of the C2 domain with the phospholipids in the plasma membrane is essential for anchoring the enzyme in this cellular compartment. Furthermore, the use of specific inhibitors of the different pathways that generate both diacylglycerol and phosphatidic acid has shown that the phosphatidic acid generated via phospholipase D (PLD)-dependent pathway, in addition to the diacylglycerol generated via phosphoinosite-phospholipase C (PLC), are involved in the localization of PKCϵ in the plasma membrane. Direct stimulation of RBL-2H3 cells with very low concentrations of permeable phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol exerted a synergistic effect on the plasma membrane localization of PKCϵ. Moreover, the in vitro kinase assays showed that both phosphatidic acid and diacylglycerol are essential for enzyme activation. Together, these results demonstrate that phosphatidic acid is an important and essential activator of PKCϵ through the C2 domain and locate this isoenzyme in a new scenario where it acts as a downstream target of PLD.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.477336814478207,"endowment":4.477336814478207,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"12960426","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2109757013","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.0524,"citation_percentile":0.86574963,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":5},{"year":2013,"count":5},{"year":2014,"count":5},{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":2},{"year":2019,"count":3},{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":2},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"http://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E03-05-0295","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.E03-05-0295","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1091/mbc.e03-05-0295","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12960426","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC284792","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","Protein Kinase Regulation and GTPase Signaling","Pancreatic function and diabetes","Animals","Cell Membrane","Cells, Cultured","Diglycerides","Enzyme Activation","Humans","Microscopy, Confocal","Models, Molecular","Mutation","Phosphatidic Acids","Phospholipase D","Phospholipids","Plasmids","Protein Binding","Protein Kinase C","Protein Kinase C-epsilon","Protein Structure, Tertiary","Rats","Receptors, IgE","Type C Phospholipases"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cell Membrane","Cells, Cultured","Diglycerides","Enzyme Activation","Humans","Models, Molecular","Mutation","Phosphatidic Acids","Type C Phospholipases","Phospholipase D","Phospholipids","Plasmids","Protein Binding","Protein Kinase C","Protein Structure, Tertiary","Receptors, IgE","Microscopy, Confocal","Rats","Protein Kinase C-epsilon"],"keywords":["Phosphatidic acid","Diacylglycerol kinase","Phospholipase D","Biology","PLD2","Biochemistry","Cell biology","Phospholipase","Protein kinase C","Second messenger system","Phospholipase C","Phospholipid","C2 domain","Signal transduction","Enzyme","Membrane"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Clean water and sanitation"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-19T19:15:18.065991Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}