{"doi":"10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0377","title":"Taste Bud Labeling in Whole Tongue Epithelial Sheet in Adult Mice","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Molecular labeling in whole-mount tissues provides an efficient way to obtain general information about the formation, maintenance, degeneration, and regeneration of many organs and tissues. However, labeling of lingual taste buds in whole tongue tissues in adult mice has been problematic because of the strong permeability barrier of the tongue epithelium. In this study, we present a simple method for labeling taste buds in the intact tongue epithelial sheet of an adult mouse. Following intralingual protease injection and incubation, immediate fixation of the tongue on mandible in 4% paraformaldehyde enabled the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ</jats:italic>\n                    shape of the tongue epithelium to be well maintained after peeling. The peeled epithelium was accessible to taste bud labeling with a pan-taste cell marker, keratin 8, and a type II taste cell marker, α-gustducin, in all three types of taste papillae, that is, fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate. Overnight incubation of tongue epithelial sheets with primary and secondary antibodies was sufficient for intense labeling of taste buds with both fluorescent and DAB visualizations. Labeled individual taste buds were easy to identify and quantify. This protocol provides an efficient way for phenotypic analyses of taste buds, especially regarding distribution pattern and number.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Tissue Engineering Part C: Methods","year":2016,"id":662187,"datarank":0.42498200160843247,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"self_citation_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1728691,"name":"Kristin Boggs","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1257739,"name":"Hong-Xiang Liu","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1728690,"name":"Nandakumar Venkatesan","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Taste Bud Labeling in Whole Tongue Epithelial Sheet in Adult Mice","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Molecular labeling in whole-mount tissues provides an efficient way to obtain general information about the formation, maintenance, degeneration, and regeneration of many organs and tissues. However, labeling of lingual taste buds in whole tongue tissues in adult mice has been problematic because of the strong permeability barrier of the tongue epithelium. In this study, we present a simple method for labeling taste buds in the intact tongue epithelial sheet of an adult mouse. Following intralingual protease injection and incubation, immediate fixation of the tongue on mandible in 4% paraformaldehyde enabled the\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">in situ</jats:italic>\n                    shape of the tongue epithelium to be well maintained after peeling. The peeled epithelium was accessible to taste bud labeling with a pan-taste cell marker, keratin 8, and a type II taste cell marker, α-gustducin, in all three types of taste papillae, that is, fungiform, foliate, and circumvallate. Overnight incubation of tongue epithelial sheets with primary and secondary antibodies was sufficient for intense labeling of taste buds with both fluorescent and DAB visualizations. Labeled individual taste buds were easy to identify and quantify. This protocol provides an efficient way for phenotypic analyses of taste buds, especially regarding distribution pattern and number.\n                  </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"26701416","pmcid":"PMC4827313","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2220264052","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIDCD NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 DC012308","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":0.4654,"citation_percentile":0.66303301,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":3},{"year":2021,"count":4},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":3},{"year":2024,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":"https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4827313","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4827313","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0377","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0377","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/ten.tec.2015.0377","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26701416","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques","Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies","Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Antigens, Differentiation","Female","Male","Mouth Mucosa","Staining and Labeling","Taste Buds","Mice"],"keywords":["Tongue","Taste bud","Lingual papilla","Taste","Epithelium","Taste receptor","Biology","Pathology","Cell biology","Anatomy","Medicine","Biochemistry","Genetics"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-12T13:05:45.031281Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}