{"doi":"10.1089/met.2014.0050","title":"Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index: A Lipoprotein Particle–Derived Measure of Insulin Resistance","abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipoprotein particle sizes and concentrations are characteristically altered in patients with insulin resistance (IR) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study assessed the ability of an IR score, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-derived lipoprotein information, to detect IR in otherwise healthy individuals.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipoprotein subclass and size information were evaluated for strength of association with IR, as measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). To increase the likelihood of identifying subjects with IR, six lipoprotein measures were combined into a single algorithm. The resulting assay [Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR)] was developed using HOMA-IR in 4972 nondiabetic subjects from MESA and verified independently using glucose disposal rates (GDRs) measured during hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps in 56 insulin-sensitive, 46 insulin-resistant, and 46 untreated subjects with T2DM.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LP-IR exhibited stronger associations with HOMA-IR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.51) and GDR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =−0.53) than each of the individual lipoprotein parameters as well as the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TGs/HDL-C) ratio (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.41 and −0.44, respectively). In MESA, associations between the LP-IR score and HOMA-IR were strong in men (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.51), women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.52), European Americans (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.58), African Americans (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.48), Chinese Americans (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.49), and Hispanic Americans (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.45). When LP-IR was categorized by HOMA-IR and either body mass index (BMI) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG), subgroups were revealed whose LP-IR scores were high (≥50), despite having normal BMIs (&lt;24 kg/m\n                      <jats:sup>2</jats:sup>\n                      ) or FPG (&lt;100 mg/dL).\n                    </jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LP-IR scores had strong associations with multiple measures, HOMA-IR, and GDR, the former being more reflective of hepatic and the latter of peripheral insulin sensitivity, and may represent a simple means to identify individuals with IR.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>","journal":"Metabolic Syndrome and Related Disorders","year":2014,"id":642617,"datarank":5.939139527958606,"base_score":5.262690188904886,"endowment":5.262690188904886,"self_citation_contribution":0.7894035283357329,"citation_network_contribution":5.149735999622873,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7894035283357329,"citer_contribution":5.149735999622873,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":192,"citer_count":129,"citers_with_citation_signal":99,"citers_with_endowment":99,"datacite_reuse_total":25,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":293941,"name":"Margery A. Connelly","orcid":"0000-0002-3917-592X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":269614,"name":"W. Timothy Garvey","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":293938,"name":"James D. Otvos","orcid":"0000-0001-5686-7103","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":484346,"name":"Irina Shalaurova","orcid":"0000-0003-0191-0383","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index: A Lipoprotein Particle–Derived Measure of Insulin Resistance","abstract":"<jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Background:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipoprotein particle sizes and concentrations are characteristically altered in patients with insulin resistance (IR) or type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This study assessed the ability of an IR score, based on nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-derived lipoprotein information, to detect IR in otherwise healthy individuals.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Methods:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>Lipoprotein subclass and size information were evaluated for strength of association with IR, as measured by homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). To increase the likelihood of identifying subjects with IR, six lipoprotein measures were combined into a single algorithm. The resulting assay [Lipoprotein Insulin Resistance Index (LP-IR)] was developed using HOMA-IR in 4972 nondiabetic subjects from MESA and verified independently using glucose disposal rates (GDRs) measured during hyperinsulinemic–euglycemic clamps in 56 insulin-sensitive, 46 insulin-resistant, and 46 untreated subjects with T2DM.</jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Results:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>\n                      LP-IR exhibited stronger associations with HOMA-IR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.51) and GDR (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =−0.53) than each of the individual lipoprotein parameters as well as the triglycerides/high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (TGs/HDL-C) ratio (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.41 and −0.44, respectively). In MESA, associations between the LP-IR score and HOMA-IR were strong in men (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.51), women (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.52), European Americans (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.58), African Americans (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.48), Chinese Americans (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.49), and Hispanic Americans (\n                      <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">r</jats:italic>\n                      =0.45). When LP-IR was categorized by HOMA-IR and either body mass index (BMI) or fasting plasma glucose (FPG), subgroups were revealed whose LP-IR scores were high (≥50), despite having normal BMIs (&lt;24 kg/m\n                      <jats:sup>2</jats:sup>\n                      ) or FPG (&lt;100 mg/dL).\n                    </jats:p>\n                  </jats:sec>\n                  <jats:sec>\n                    <jats:title>Conclusions:</jats:title>\n                    <jats:p>LP-IR scores had strong associations with multiple measures, HOMA-IR, and GDR, the former being more reflective of hepatic and the latter of peripheral insulin sensitivity, and may represent a simple means to identify individuals with IR.</jats:p>\n                  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