{"doi":"10.1089/bio.2019.0019","title":"Cryopreservation of a Thermotolerant Lineage of the Coral Reef Dinoflagellate\n                    <i>Symbiodinium</i>","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dinoflagellates of the genus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    form symbiotic relationships with corals, other marine invertebrates, and protists; thus, they are considered as important species in coral reef ecosystems. If\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    could be successfully cryopreserved, the cell bank generated could prove to be a valuable resource for researchers interested in basic biological research of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    –invertebrate symbioses. Herein, successful cryopreservation of clade D\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    was achieved using a two-step freezing protocol.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    cells were exposed to cryoprotectants (CPAs) for 30 minutes before being vapor frozen for 20 minutes in liquid nitrogen (LN\n                    <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>\n                    ); afterward, cells were immediately immersed in LN\n                    <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>\n                    for 2 hours or 10 days. The initial experiment was conducted with the following CPAs at 1, 2, and 3 M concentrations: methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG), and propylene glycol (PG). It was found that infiltration with 2 M EG and PG yielded cells with the highest percentage viability. Upon thawing, culture of these\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    was carried out for 2 months in a growth chamber, and cells continued to grow and proliferate over this period. This represents successful cryopreservation of a dominant reef coral symbiont, a feat that will ideally aid in future research of this important lineage of dinoflagellate.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Biopreservation and Biobanking","year":2019,"id":675772,"datarank":0.6777749240323809,"base_score":2.9444389791664403,"endowment":2.9444389791664403,"self_citation_contribution":0.44166584687496613,"citation_network_contribution":0.23610907715741483,"self_endowment_contribution":0.44166584687496613,"citer_contribution":0.23610907715741483,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":18,"citer_count":9,"citers_with_citation_signal":7,"citers_with_endowment":7,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1765684,"name":"Preeyanuch Thongpoo","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1765685,"name":"Cynthia Juri","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1765686,"name":"Li-Hsueh Wang","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1765687,"name":"Pei-Jie Meng","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1765688,"name":"Fu-Wen Kuo","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1765689,"name":"Sujune Tsai","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1765683,"name":"Chiahsin Lin","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Cryopreservation of a Thermotolerant Lineage of the Coral Reef Dinoflagellate\n                    <i>Symbiodinium</i>","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Dinoflagellates of the genus\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    form symbiotic relationships with corals, other marine invertebrates, and protists; thus, they are considered as important species in coral reef ecosystems. If\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    could be successfully cryopreserved, the cell bank generated could prove to be a valuable resource for researchers interested in basic biological research of\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    –invertebrate symbioses. Herein, successful cryopreservation of clade D\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    was achieved using a two-step freezing protocol.\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    cells were exposed to cryoprotectants (CPAs) for 30 minutes before being vapor frozen for 20 minutes in liquid nitrogen (LN\n                    <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>\n                    ); afterward, cells were immediately immersed in LN\n                    <jats:sub>2</jats:sub>\n                    for 2 hours or 10 days. The initial experiment was conducted with the following CPAs at 1, 2, and 3 M concentrations: methanol, dimethyl sulfoxide, glycerol, ethylene glycol (EG), and propylene glycol (PG). It was found that infiltration with 2 M EG and PG yielded cells with the highest percentage viability. Upon thawing, culture of these\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">Symbiodinium</jats:italic>\n                    was carried out for 2 months in a growth chamber, and cells continued to grow and proliferate over this period. This represents successful cryopreservation of a dominant reef coral symbiont, a feat that will ideally aid in future research of this important lineage of dinoflagellate.\n                  </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.9444389791664403,"endowment":2.9444389791664403,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"31194572","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2950566259","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":1.8241,"citation_percentile":0.84609787,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2019,"count":2},{"year":2020,"count":2},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":7},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full-xml/10.1089/bio.2019.0019","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/bio.2019.0019","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/bio.2019.0019","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31194572","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Coral and Marine Ecosystems Studies","Marine and coastal plant biology","Coastal wetland ecosystem dynamics","Animals","Anthozoa","Cryopreservation","Cryoprotective Agents","Dimethyl Sulfoxide","Dinoflagellida","Ethylene Glycol","Glycerol","Methanol","Propylene Glycol","Symbiosis","Thermotolerance"],"mesh_terms":["Thermotolerance","Methanol","Animals","Cryoprotective Agents","Dimethyl Sulfoxide","Dinoflagellida","Glycerol","Symbiosis","Cryopreservation","Ethylene Glycol","Propylene Glycol","Anthozoa"],"keywords":["Symbiodinium","Dinoflagellate","Cryopreservation","Coral","Biology","Coral reef","Reef","Symbiosis","Sea anemone","Cryoprotectant","Botany","Zooxanthellae","Ecology","Fishery","Bacteria","Embryo","Conservation","Two-step Freezing"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life below water"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-17T01:41:41.595592Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}