{"doi":"10.1089/aid.1993.9.861","title":"A Quantitative Assay for Trans-Activation by HIV-1 Tat, Using Liposome-Mediated DNA Uptake and a Parallel ELISA System","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    A cellular assay is described in which transient high-level expression of a heterologous reporter gene (chloramphenicol acetyltransferase, CAT) driven by the HIV LTR is used to determine trans-activation in a cell line constitutively expressing Tat. The use of a parallel ELISA system to determine effects on expression of CAT and of the neomycin phosphotransferase (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">NPT</jats:italic>\n                    ) marker gene effectively eliminated sample variability caused by cumulative processing errors or cell culture conditions. In addition the use of cationic liposome-mediated transfection minimized delay between DNA treatment that initiates trans-activation and addition of inhibitors, thereby eliminating background expression levels in treated samples. The assay has the potential to discriminate between inhibition of trans-activation and nonspecific effects such as inhibition of transfection and cytotoxicity. It has been adapted to a 96-well format suitable for high-throughput screening of natural products and synthetic chemicals.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","year":1993,"id":14864,"datarank":0.5672050945732449,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"self_citation_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citation_network_contribution":0.25528886332126943,"self_endowment_contribution":0.31191623125197543,"citer_contribution":0.25528886332126943,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":7,"citer_count":7,"citers_with_citation_signal":5,"citers_with_endowment":5,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":115552,"name":"Michael Moore","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":115551,"name":"Marion E. E. Watson","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.0794415416798357,"endowment":2.0794415416798357,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"8257635","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1995432382","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":0.6999,"citation_percentile":0.66683331,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2020,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/aid.1993.9.861","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.1993.9.861","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8257635","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["RNA Interference and Gene Delivery","HIV Research and Treatment","DNA and Nucleic Acid Chemistry","Biology","Medicine","Chemistry","DNA, Recombinant","DNA, Viral","Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","Gene Expression Regulation, Viral","Gene Products, tat","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","HIV-1","HeLa Cells","Humans","Liposomes","Recombinant Fusion Proteins","Transcriptional Activation","Transfection","tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus"],"mesh_terms":["DNA, Recombinant","DNA, Viral","Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay","HeLa Cells","Humans","Liposomes","Recombinant Fusion Proteins","Transfection","HIV-1","Transcriptional Activation","Gene Products, tat","Gene Expression Regulation, Viral","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","tat Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus","Hela Cells"],"keywords":["Transfection","Reporter gene","Chloramphenicol acetyltransferase","Molecular biology","Cationic liposome","DNA","Cell culture","Gene expression","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","Biology","Chemistry","Gene","Cytotoxicity","Heterologous","Long terminal repeat","Biochemistry","In vitro","Genetics"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Reduced inequalities"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-01T15:10:31.637839Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}