{"doi":"10.1089/aid.1988.4.175","title":"Human and Simian Immunodeficiency Retroviruses: Activation and Differential Transactivation of Gene Expression","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    New West African human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-2s) and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) contain functional transactivator (\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat</jats:italic>\n                    ) gene and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat</jats:italic>\n                    response elements. Their long terminal repeats (LTR) and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat</jats:italic>\n                    genes are more related among themselves than to HIV-1 LTR and\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat</jats:italic>\n                    gene. The viral gene expression of HIV-2 as well as SIV can be stimulated by T cell activators, such as mitogens and phorbol esters. HIV-2 and SIV display a much broader transactivation response specificity than does HIV-1. The LTR-directed gene expression of HIV-2/SIV is not only transactivated by their own\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat</jats:italic>\n                    gene and by HIV-1\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat</jats:italic>\n                    gene but also by factors in human T cell leukemia/lymphoma virus type I (HTLV-I) and simian virus 40 (SV40) infected cells, involving HTLV-I\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat</jats:italic>\n                    gene and SV40 T antigens, respectively. HIV-1 LTR-directed gene expression is much less transactivated by HIV-2/SIV\n                    <jats:italic toggle=\"yes\">tat</jats:italic>\n                    genes and by factors in HTLV-I- and SV40-infected cells. Immune activation and heterologous transactivation of the LTR-directed gene expression may be relevant to the latency of virus infection and progression toward the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"AIDS Research and Human Retroviruses","year":1988,"id":14648,"datarank":2.430939723361059,"base_score":3.9318256327243257,"endowment":3.9318256327243257,"self_citation_contribution":0.5897738449086489,"citation_network_contribution":1.84116587845241,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5897738449086489,"citer_contribution":1.84116587845241,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":50,"citer_count":42,"citers_with_citation_signal":40,"citers_with_endowment":40,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":114782,"name":"Suresh K. Arya","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.9318256327243257,"endowment":3.9318256327243257,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"2840105","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2060423648","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.377,"citation_percentile":0.89486508,"influential_citations":4,"citation_trend":[{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"closed","license":"https://journals.sagepub.com/page/policies/text-and-data-mining-license","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1089/aid.1988.4.175","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1089/aid.1988.4.175","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2840105","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["T-cell and Retrovirus Studies","HIV Research and Treatment","Animal Disease Management and Epidemiology","Biology","Medicine","Animals","Cell Line","Gene Expression Regulation","Genes, Viral","Haplorhini","Humans","Monkey Diseases","Phytohemagglutinins","Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid","Retroviridae","Retroviridae Infections","Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Haplorhini","Cell Line","Gene Expression Regulation","Genes, Viral","Humans","Monkey Diseases","Phytohemagglutinins","Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid","Retroviridae","Retroviridae Infections","Tetradecanoylphorbol Acetate"],"keywords":["Transactivation","Long terminal repeat","Simian immunodeficiency virus","Biology","Virology","Gene","Gene expression","Virus","HIV Long Terminal Repeat","Genetics"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-01T13:20:10.393503Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}