{"doi":"10.1088/0022-3719/6/7/010","title":"Ordering, metastability and phase transitions in two-dimensional systems","abstract":"A new definition of order called topological order is proposed for two-dimensional systems in which no long-range order of the conventional type exists. The possibility of a phase transition characterized by a change in the response of the system to an external perturbation is discussed in the context of a mean field type of approximation. The critical behaviour found in this model displays very weak singularities. The application of these ideas to the xy model of magnetism, the solid-liquid transition, and the neutral superfluid are discussed. This type of phase transition cannot occur in a superconductor nor in a Heisenberg ferromagnet.","journal":"Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics","year":1973,"id":4207,"datarank":28.458930240512203,"base_score":9.152605321324945,"endowment":9.152605321324945,"self_citation_contribution":1.372890798198742,"citation_network_contribution":27.08603944231346,"self_endowment_contribution":1.372890798198742,"citer_contribution":27.08603944231346,"corpus_percentile":98.5,"corpus_rank":1004,"citation_count":9438,"citer_count":198,"citers_with_citation_signal":198,"citers_with_endowment":198,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"1973-04-12","authors":[{"id":42615,"name":"D. J. Thouless","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":42614,"name":"J. M. Kosterlitz","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":29,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}