{"doi":"10.1086/670067","title":"<tt>emcee</tt>: The MCMC Hammer","abstract":"We introduce a stable, well tested Python implementation of the\\naffine-invariant ensemble sampler for Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) proposed\\nby Goodman &amp; Weare (2010). The code is open source and has already been used in\\nseveral published projects in the astrophysics literature. The algorithm behind\\nemcee has several advantages over traditional MCMC sampling methods and it has\\nexcellent performance as measured by the autocorrelation time (or function\\ncalls per independent sample). One major advantage of the algorithm is that it\\nrequires hand-tuning of only 1 or 2 parameters compared to $\\\\sim N^2$ for a\\ntraditional algorithm in an N-dimensional parameter space. In this document, we\\ndescribe the algorithm and the details of our implementation and API.\\nExploiting the parallelism of the ensemble method, emcee permits any user to\\ntake advantage of multiple CPU cores without extra effort. The code is\\navailable online at http://dan.iel.fm/emcee under the MIT License.\\n","journal":"Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific","year":2013,"id":1985,"datarank":14.463746935234246,"base_score":9.35686202463895,"endowment":9.35686202463895,"self_citation_contribution":1.4035293036958427,"citation_network_contribution":13.060217631538404,"self_endowment_contribution":1.4035293036958427,"citer_contribution":13.060217631538404,"corpus_percentile":95.0,"corpus_rank":627,"citation_count":11577,"citer_count":200,"citers_with_citation_signal":200,"citers_with_endowment":200,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2013-03-01","authors":[{"id":23346,"name":"David W. Hogg","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23347,"name":"Dustin Lang","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23348,"name":"Jonathan Goodman","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23345,"name":"Daniel Foreman-Mackey","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":27,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}