{"doi":"10.1084/jem.47.6.835","title":"EFFECT OF FORMALIN ON THE VIRUS OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS OF HORSES","abstract":"<jats:p>The virus of vesicular stomatitis is not readily killed by formalin. This chemical is one of a group which coagulates the proteins of the medium in which the virus is usually contained. It has already been found7 that other reagents of the protein-coagulating group are not actively virucidal) and the effect of formalin in this instance is therefore characteristic of the group.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The so called formalinized vaccines which give rise to immunity can be shown to have done so because of the presence of living virus. A single injection of such so called \"vaccine,\" or of other material containing living virus, is capable of inducing immunity in guinea pigs. No protection, however, follows a single injection of dead virus. Furthermore, repeated inoculations of virus killed by formalin likewise fail to induce resistance against subsequent injections of the living virus.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>It is concluded, with respect to the virus of vesicular stomatitis, that the use of formalin has failed to solve the problem of active immunization with dead virus.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","year":1928,"id":598738,"datarank":0.16479184330021646,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1534452,"name":"Perrin H. Long","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1534451,"name":"Peter K. Olitsky","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"EFFECT OF FORMALIN ON THE VIRUS OF VESICULAR STOMATITIS OF HORSES","abstract":"<jats:p>The virus of vesicular stomatitis is not readily killed by formalin. This chemical is one of a group which coagulates the proteins of the medium in which the virus is usually contained. It has already been found7 that other reagents of the protein-coagulating group are not actively virucidal) and the effect of formalin in this instance is therefore characteristic of the group.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>The so called formalinized vaccines which give rise to immunity can be shown to have done so because of the presence of living virus. A single injection of such so called \"vaccine,\" or of other material containing living virus, is capable of inducing immunity in guinea pigs. No protection, however, follows a single injection of dead virus. Furthermore, repeated inoculations of virus killed by formalin likewise fail to induce resistance against subsequent injections of the living virus.</jats:p>\n               <jats:p>It is concluded, with respect to the virus of vesicular stomatitis, that the use of formalin has failed to solve the problem of active immunization with dead virus.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"19869448","pmcid":"PMC2131438","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2089306961","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":3.9655,"citation_percentile":0.89473684,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/47/6/835/1178297/835.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/47/6/835/1178297/835.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/47/6/835/1178297/835.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.47.6.835","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19869448","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2131438","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2131438","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC2131438?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Poxvirus research and outbreaks"],"mesh_terms":[],"keywords":["Vesicular stomatitis virus","Virus","Virology","Vesicular stomatitis Indiana virus","Biology","Immunity","Vesicular Stomatitis","Immunization","Stomatitis","Antibody","Microbiology","Immunology","Immune system","Medicine"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-28T16:10:10.295809Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}