{"doi":"10.1084/jem.20232148","title":"Dietary fiber is a critical determinant of pathologic ILC2 responses and intestinal inflammation","abstract":"Innate lymphoid cells (ILCs) can promote host defense, chronic inflammation, or tissue protection and are regulated by cytokines and neuropeptides. However, their regulation by diet and microbiota-derived signals remains unclear. We show that an inulin fiber diet promotes Tph1-expressing inflammatory ILC2s (ILC2INFLAM) in the colon, which produce IL-5 but not tissue-protective amphiregulin (AREG), resulting in the accumulation of eosinophils. This exacerbates inflammation in a murine model of intestinal damage and inflammation in an ILC2- and eosinophil-dependent manner. Mechanistically, the inulin fiber diet elevated microbiota-derived bile acids, including cholic acid (CA) that induced expression of ILC2-activating IL-33. In IBD patients, bile acids, their receptor farnesoid X receptor (FXR), IL-33, and eosinophils were all upregulated compared with controls, implicating this diet-microbiota-ILC2 axis in human IBD pathogenesis. Together, these data reveal that dietary fiber-induced changes in microbial metabolites operate as a rheostat that governs protective versus pathologic ILC2 responses with relevance to precision nutrition for inflammatory diseases.","journal":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine","year":2024,"id":418457,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":50,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9535,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":72605,"name":"Tae Hyung Won","orcid":"0009-0003-5229-3589","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":632556,"name":"Hiroshi Yano","orcid":"0000-0002-3098-2629","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1206086,"name":"Jazib Uddin","orcid":"0000-0001-5303-5213","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":838921,"name":"Elizabeth Emanuel","orcid":"0000-0003-1532-8618","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1206844,"name":"Elin Hu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":276897,"name":"Wen Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-9069-3773","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":842167,"name":"Tingting Li","orcid":"0000-0002-2303-6394","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218455,"name":"Wen‐Bing Jin","orcid":"0000-0002-3528-7297","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271736,"name":"Alex Grier","orcid":"0000-0003-0581-9851","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":655708,"name":"Sanchita Kashyap","orcid":"0000-0002-4806-5327","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":858573,"name":"JRI Live Cell Bank","orcid":null,"position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":29711,"name":"David Artis","orcid":"0000-0002-1753-4100","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":627483,"name":"Randy Longman","orcid":"0000-0002-9042-184X","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":262120,"name":"Gregory F. 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