{"doi":"10.1084/jem.20232101","title":"Radiotherapy and immunology","abstract":"The majority of cancer patients receive radiotherapy during the course of treatment, delivered with curative intent for local tumor control or as part of a multimodality regimen aimed at eliminating distant metastasis. A major focus of research has been DNA damage; however, in the past two decades, emphasis has shifted to the important role the immune system plays in radiotherapy-induced anti-tumor effects. Radiotherapy reprograms the tumor microenvironment, triggering DNA and RNA sensing cascades that activate innate immunity and ultimately enhance adaptive immunity. In opposition, radiotherapy also induces suppression of anti-tumor immunity, including recruitment of regulatory T cells, myeloid-derived suppressor cells, and suppressive macrophages. The balance of pro- and anti-tumor immunity is regulated in part by radiotherapy-induced chemokines and cytokines. Microbiota can also influence radiotherapy outcomes and is under clinical investigation. Blockade of the PD-1/PD-L1 axis and CTLA-4 has been extensively investigated in combination with radiotherapy; we include a review of clinical trials involving inhibition of these immune checkpoints and radiotherapy.","journal":"The Journal of Experimental Medicine","year":2024,"id":416771,"datarank":0.6980940525236285,"base_score":4.653960350157523,"endowment":4.653960350157523,"self_citation_contribution":0.6980940525236285,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6980940525236285,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":104,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9567,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1199578,"name":"Connor Lynch","orcid":"0000-0001-9354-4223","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":247361,"name":"Sean P. Pitroda","orcid":"0000-0003-3056-7991","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1014824,"name":"András Piffkó","orcid":"0000-0001-5300-6594","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":230366,"name":"Kaiting Yang","orcid":"0000-0001-9328-5655","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1201357,"name":"Amy K. Huser","orcid":"0009-0007-5712-3828","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":632786,"name":"Hua Liang","orcid":"0000-0001-5512-8595","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":51398,"name":"Ralph R. Weichselbaum","orcid":"0000-0002-5643-8939","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":632787,"name":"Liangliang Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-8340-5190","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":247,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:56:44.873714Z","pmid":"38771260","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}