{"doi":"10.1084/jem.20211463","title":"Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors","abstract":"<jats:p>Pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns are sensed by the immune system’s pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) upon contact with a microbe or damaged tissue. In situations such as contact with commensals or during physiological cell death, the immune system should not respond to these patterns. Hence, immune responses need to be context dependent, but it is not clear how context for molecular pattern recognition is provided. We discuss inhibitory receptors as potential counterparts to activating pattern recognition receptors. We propose a group of inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs) that recognize endogenous and microbial patterns associated with danger, homeostasis, or both. We propose that recognition of molecular patterns by iPRRs provides context, helps mediate tolerance to microbes, and helps balance responses to danger signals.</jats:p>","journal":"Journal of Experimental Medicine","year":2022,"id":596600,"datarank":0.5837730447165941,"base_score":3.8918202981106265,"endowment":3.8918202981106265,"self_citation_contribution":0.5837730447165941,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5837730447165941,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":48,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1527993,"name":"Helen J. von Richthofen","orcid":"0000-0002-2062-5986","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1527997,"name":"Victor Peperzak","orcid":"0000-0002-9011-3820","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":912376,"name":"Linde Meyaard","orcid":"0000-0003-0707-4793","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":912373,"name":"Matevž Rumpret","orcid":"0000-0002-8631-8049","position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Inhibitory pattern recognition receptors","abstract":"<jats:p>Pathogen- and damage-associated molecular patterns are sensed by the immune system’s pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) upon contact with a microbe or damaged tissue. In situations such as contact with commensals or during physiological cell death, the immune system should not respond to these patterns. Hence, immune responses need to be context dependent, but it is not clear how context for molecular pattern recognition is provided. We discuss inhibitory receptors as potential counterparts to activating pattern recognition receptors. We propose a group of inhibitory pattern recognition receptors (iPRRs) that recognize endogenous and microbial patterns associated with danger, homeostasis, or both. We propose that recognition of molecular patterns by iPRRs provides context, helps mediate tolerance to microbes, and helps balance responses to danger signals.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.8918202981106265,"endowment":3.8918202981106265,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"34905019","pmcid":"PMC8674843","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4200422573","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.0514,"citation_percentile":0.8783967,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":14},{"year":2024,"count":11},{"year":2025,"count":15},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"http://www.rupress.org/terms/","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/219/1/e20211463/1426737/jem_20211463.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/219/1/e20211463/1426737/jem_20211463.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://rupress.org/jem/article-pdf/doi/10.1084/jem.20211463/1833030/jem_20211463.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1084/jem.20211463","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/34905019","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://dspace.library.uu.nl/handle/1874/445255","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8674843","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8674843","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC8674843?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Immune Response and Inflammation","Vibrio bacteria research studies","Escherichia coli research studies"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Disease Susceptibility","Gene Expression Regulation","Homeostasis","Humans","Immune System","Immune Tolerance","Immunity","Immunity, Innate","Inflammation","Organ Specificity","Signal Transduction","Receptors, Pattern Recognition","Host-Pathogen Interactions"],"keywords":["Pattern recognition receptor","Receptor","Context (archaeology)","Biology","Immune system","Immune receptor","Inhibitory postsynaptic potential","Immune recognition","Neuroscience","Cell biology","Immunology","Innate immune system","Genetics"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-28T10:44:48.208113Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}