{"doi":"10.1080/13854046.2020.1861329","title":"Updated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised and Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised in Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region: The NP-NUMBRS project","abstract":"Objective We generated demographically adjusted norms for the Brief Visuospatial Memory Test-revised (BVMT-R) and the Hopkins Verbal Learning Test-revised (HVLT-R) for Spanish-speakers from the U.S.-Mexico border region as part of a larger normative project. Methods: Healthy native Spanish-speakers (n = 203; Age: 19–60 years; Education: 0–20 years, 59% women) living in Arizona (n = 63) and California (n = 140) completed the BVMT-R and the HVLT-R as part of the larger Neuropsychological Norms for the U.S.-Mexico Border Region in Spanish (NP-NUMBRS) project. Raw scores were converted to T-scores utilizing fractional polynomial equations, which considered linear and non-linear effects of demographic variables (age, education, sex). To demonstrate the benefit of employing our population-specific norms, we computed the proportion of our participants whose test performance fell below one standard deviation (T-score < 40) when applying published norms from non-Hispanic English-speakers, compared to the base rate derived from the new normative sample. Results: The resulting demographically adjusted T-scores showed the expected psychometric properties and corrected the misclassification in rates of impairment that were obtained when applying norms based on the English-speaking sample. Unexpectedly, participants in Arizona obtained slightly lower HVLT-R T-scores than those in California. This site effect was not explained by available sociodemographic or language factors. Supplementary formulas were computed adjusting for site in addition to demographics. Conclusions: These updated norms improve accuracy in identification of learning and memory impairment among Spanish-speaking adults living in the U.S.-Mexico border region. It will be important to generate additional data for elders, as the present norms are only applicable to adults age 60 and younger.","journal":"The Clinical Neuropsychologist","year":2020,"id":96246,"datarank":0.7879284811061844,"base_score":3.58351893845611,"endowment":3.58351893845611,"self_citation_contribution":0.5375278407684165,"citation_network_contribution":0.25040064033776793,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5375278407684165,"citer_contribution":0.25040064033776793,"corpus_percentile":74.44882803434672,"corpus_rank":3304,"citation_count":35,"citer_count":14,"citers_with_citation_signal":10,"citers_with_endowment":10,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9284,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":312158,"name":"Paola Suárez","orcid":"0000-0002-1543-1044","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312163,"name":"María J. Marquine","orcid":"0000-0003-2249-6628","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":361161,"name":"Anya Umlauf","orcid":"0000-0003-2005-6071","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312157,"name":"Mónica Rivera Mindt","orcid":"0000-0001-6350-321X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":313203,"name":"Lidia Artiola i Fortuny","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312161,"name":"Robert K. Heaton","orcid":"0000-0002-6664-8016","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":312162,"name":"Mariana Cherner","orcid":"0000-0002-5479-7401","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":393056,"name":"Mirella Díaz‐Santos","orcid":"0000-0002-5513-815X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":58,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:34:34.781847Z","pmid":"33380275","pmcid":"PMC8218787","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}