{"doi":"10.1080/13825585.2021.1908513","title":"Age-related differences in memory for “who,” “when,” and “where” are detectable in middle-aged adults","abstract":"Our study examined age-related differences across the adult lifespan using a recently developed test assessing memory for “who, when, and where” in addition to associations among these elements. Young (ages 18–25), middle-aged (ages 40–55), and older adults (ages 60+) were asked to remember a sequence of pictures of different faces paired with different places and place the pairs in the correct sequence. Young adults remembered significantly more face-place pairs in the correct sequence than middle-aged (p < .05) and older adults (p < .05), but there were no significant differences between middle-aged and older adults. Furthermore, young adults remembered significantly more face-place pairs irrespective of sequence than older adults (p < .05). However, there were no other significant differences among the groups.Using a rapidly administered test that integrates aspects of everyday episodic memory, we found evidence for age-related differences in test performance beginning in middle age.","journal":"Aging Neuropsychology and Cognition","year":2021,"id":211015,"datarank":0.22934279547732728,"base_score":1.0986122886681096,"endowment":1.0986122886681096,"self_citation_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citation_network_contribution":0.0645509521771108,"self_endowment_contribution":0.16479184330021646,"citer_contribution":0.0645509521771108,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":2,"citer_count":2,"citers_with_citation_signal":2,"citers_with_endowment":2,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9561,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":800474,"name":"Catherine Sumida","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":410818,"name":"Lisa V. Graves","orcid":"0000-0001-6861-8745","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":799896,"name":"Heather M. Holden","orcid":"0000-0002-3420-8710","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":389984,"name":"Francesca V. Lopez","orcid":"0000-0003-0875-7326","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":799897,"name":"Andrea Mustafa","orcid":"0000-0002-2387-0442","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":316757,"name":"Paul E. Gilbert","orcid":"0000-0003-2769-0294","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":800473,"name":"Emily Van Etten","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:52:16.049481Z","pmid":"33829947","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}