{"doi":"10.1080/09629359891225","title":"The role of cyclooxygenase‐1 and cyclooxygenase‐2 in lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐1 stimulated enterocyte prostanoid formation","abstract":"<jats:p>Lipopolysaccharide is an inflammatory agent and interleukin‐1 is a cytokine. Their pro‐inflammatory effects may be mediated by prostanoids produced by inducible cyclooxygenase‐2. The aim of this study was to determine the prostanoids produced by lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐1 stimulated enterocytes through the cyclooxygenase‐1 and 2 pathways. Cultured enterocytes were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide or interleukin‐1 β with and without cyclooxygenase inhibitors. Low concentrations of indomethacin and valerylsalicylic acid (VSA) were evaluated as cyclooxygenase‐1 inhibitors and their effects compared with the effects of a specific cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor, SC‐58125. Prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> , 6‐keto prostaglandin F<jats:sub>1α</jats:sub> , prostaglandin D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and leukotriene B<jats:sub>4</jats:sub> levels were determined by radio immunoassay. Immunoblot analysis using isoformspecific antibodies showed that the inducible cyclooxygenase enzyme (COX‐2) was expressed by 4 h in LPS and IL‐1β treated cells while the constitutive COX‐1 remained unaltered in its expression. Interleukin‐1β and lipopolysaccharide stimulated the formation of all prostanoids compared with untreated cells, but failed to stimulate leukotriene B<jats:sub>4</jats:sub>. Indomethacin at 20 μ M concentration, and VSA inhibited lipopolysaccharide and interleukin 1β stimulated prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> , but not 6‐keto prostaglandin F<jats:sub>1α</jats:sub> formation. SC‐58125 inhibited lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐1β stimulated 6‐keto prostaglandin F<jats:sub>1α</jats:sub> but not prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2 </jats:sub> release. The specific cyclooxygenase‐2 inhibitor also inhibited lipopolysaccharide produced prostaglandin D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> but not interleukin‐1β stimulated prostaglandin D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> While SC‐58125 inhibited basal 6‐keto prostaglandin‐F<jats:sub>1α</jats:sub> formation it significantly increased basal prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> and prostaglandin D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> formation. As SC‐58125 inhibited lipopolysaccharide and interleukin‐1β induced 6‐keto prostaglandin F<jats:sub>1α</jats:sub> production but not prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production, it suggests that these agents stimulate prostacyclin production through a cyclooxygenase‐2 mediated mechanism and prostaglandin E<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production occurs through a cyclooxygenase‐1 mediated mechanism. Prostaglandin D<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> production appeared to be variably produced by cyclooxygenase‐1 or cyclooxygenase‐2, depending on the stimulus.</jats:p>","journal":"Mediators of Inflammation","year":1998,"id":30989,"datarank":1.112387329630562,"base_score":2.8903717578961645,"endowment":2.8903717578961645,"self_citation_contribution":0.4335557636844247,"citation_network_contribution":0.6788315659461372,"self_endowment_contribution":0.4335557636844247,"citer_contribution":0.6788315659461372,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":17,"citer_count":11,"citers_with_citation_signal":10,"citers_with_endowment":10,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":167084,"name":"L. J. Damore","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":167085,"name":"J. E. Mazuski","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":167086,"name":"G. S. Smith","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":167087,"name":"N. Panesar","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":167088,"name":"D. L. Kaminski","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":167083,"name":"W. E. Longo","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":2.8903717578961645,"endowment":2.8903717578961645,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"9836494","pmcid":"PMC1781826","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2152113795","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","grant_id":"DK-27695","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":2.4724,"citation_percentile":0.89665579,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2014,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":1}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mi/1998/238249.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mi/1998/238249.pdf","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mi/1998/238249.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/mi/1998/238249.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09629359891225","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09629359891225","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9836494","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://doaj.org/article/502f474c16a845cb9f43be56bab47b87","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1781826","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1781826","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC1781826?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Inflammatory mediators and NSAID effects","Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies","Immune Response and Inflammation","Medicine","Chemistry","Biology","Animals","Cells, Cultured","Cyclooxygenase 1","Cyclooxygenase 2","Dinoprostone","Ileum","Interleukin-1","Isoenzymes","Leukotriene B4","Lipopolysaccharides","Membrane Proteins","Mitogens","Prostaglandin D2","Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases","Prostaglandins","Prostaglandins F","Rats"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Cells, Cultured","Ileum","Interleukin-1","Isoenzymes","Leukotriene B4","Lipopolysaccharides","Membrane Proteins","Mitogens","Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases","Prostaglandins","Prostaglandins F","Prostaglandin D2","Dinoprostone","Rats","Cyclooxygenase 1","Cyclooxygenase 2"],"keywords":["Cyclooxygenase","Prostanoid","Enterocyte","Interleukin 1β","Interleukin","Lipopolysaccharide","Chemistry","Medicine","Immunology","Internal medicine","Prostaglandin","Cytokine","Biochemistry","Enzyme","Small intestine"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-09T06:10:11.637265Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}