{"doi":"10.1080/09297049.2014.934216","title":"Developmental changes in decision making under risk: The role of executive functions and reasoning abilities in 8- to 19-year-old decision makers","abstract":null,"journal":"Child Neuropsychology","year":2015,"id":666996,"datarank":0.5050943744979712,"base_score":3.367295829986474,"endowment":3.367295829986474,"self_citation_contribution":0.5050943744979712,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5050943744979712,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":28,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1741786,"name":"María García-Arias","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1741787,"name":"Domingo García-Villamisar","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1741788,"name":"Javier Cabanyes-Truffino","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1443524,"name":"Matthias Brand","orcid":"0009-0007-9722-8771","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1741784,"name":"Johannes Schiebener","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Developmental changes in decision making under risk: The role of executive functions and reasoning abilities in 8- to 19-year-old decision makers","abstract":"Previous studies have shown that children and adolescents often tend toward risky decisions despite explicit knowledge about the potential negative consequences. This phenomenon has been suggested to be associated with the immaturity of brain areas involved in cognitive control functions. Particularly, \"frontal lobe functions,\" such as executive functions and reasoning, mature until young adulthood and are thought to be involved in age-related changes in decision making under explicit risk conditions. We investigated 112 participants, aged 8-19 years, with a frequently used task assessing decisions under risk, the Game of Dice Task (GDT). Additionally, we administered the Modified Card Sorting Test assessing executive functioning (categorization, cognitive flexibility, and strategy maintenance) as well as the Ravens Progressive Matrices assessing reasoning. The results showed that risk taking in the GDT decreased with increasing age and this effect was not moderated by reasoning but by executive functions: Particularly, young persons with weak executive functioning showed very risky decision making. Thus, the individual maturation of executive functions, associated with areas in the prefrontal cortex, seems to be an important factor in young peoples' behavior in risky decision-making situations.","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.367295829986474,"endowment":3.367295829986474,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"25027746","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2009726582","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":3.9238,"citation_percentile":0.92693241,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2014,"count":1},{"year":2015,"count":5},{"year":2016,"count":4},{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2018,"count":4},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":5},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":3}],"oa_status":"closed","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/09297049.2014.934216","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/09297049.2014.934216","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25027746","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Cognitive Abilities and Testing","Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","Child and Animal Learning Development"],"mesh_terms":["Adolescent","Adult","Brain","Child","Cognition","Decision Making","Female","Games, Experimental","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Neuropsychological Tests","Risk-Taking","Thinking","Young Adult","Executive Function"],"keywords":["Executive functions","Cognitive flexibility","Psychology","Wisconsin Card Sorting Test","Categorization","Iowa gambling task","Cognition","Cognitive psychology","Frontal lobe","Card sorting","Executive dysfunction","Flexibility (engineering)","Developmental psychology","Prefrontal cortex","Task (project management)","Task switching","Neuropsychology","Neuroscience","Personality","Adolescence","Childhood","Decision Making","risk","Impulsiveness","Game Of Dice Task"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-13T16:14:31.876842Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}