{"doi":"10.1080/01676830.2021.2012205","title":"Social determinants associated with loss of an eye in the United States using the <i>All of Us</i> nationwide database","abstract":"PURPOSE: To identify common factors associated with the loss of an eye using the NIH All of Us database. METHODS: In this case-controlled study, we extracted electronic health record and socio-demographic data for 231 cases of eye loss from All of Us enrollment sites. Controls (N = 924) matched the demographic characteristics of the 2020 United States Census. Bivariate analyses and multivariable logistic regression identified variables significantly associated with increased odds of eye loss. OUTCOME MEASURES: Medical and social determinants associated with increased odds of losing an eye. RESULTS: Among cases, the average age (standard deviation) was 60.1 (14.4) years. The majority (125, 54.1%) were male. 87 (37.7%) identified as African American, and 49 (21.2%) identified as Hispanic or Latino. Loss of eye was more likely in those with ocular tumor (odds ratio [OR] 421.73, 25 95% confidence interval [CI] 129.81-1959.80, p < .001), trauma (OR 13.38, 95% CI 6.64-27.43, p < .001), infection (OR 11.46, 95% CI 4.11-32.26, p = .001) or glaucoma (OR 8.33, 95% CI 4.43- 15.81, p < .001). African American (OR 2.39, 95% CI 1.39-4.09, p = .002) and Hispanic or Latino (OR 1.80, 95% CI 1.01-3.15, p = .04) participants were disproportionately affected. CONCLUSIONS: Racial and ethnic disparities exist among those with loss of an eye from underlying conditions. Addressing health inequities may mitigate the risk of this morbid outcome.","journal":"Orbit","year":2021,"id":191549,"datarank":0.7447243451750312,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.3488657457327423,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.3488657457327423,"corpus_percentile":72.93262164461979,"corpus_rank":3500,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":9,"citers_with_citation_signal":7,"citers_with_endowment":7,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.5396,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":431941,"name":"Bharanidharan Radha Saseendrakumar","orcid":"0000-0003-1322-4727","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":757876,"name":"Daniel J. Ozzello","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":757238,"name":"Michelle Ting","orcid":"0000-0002-0895-8032","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":757239,"name":"Jin Sook Yoon","orcid":"0000-0002-8751-9467","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":123759,"name":"Catherine Y. Liu","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":356269,"name":"Bobby S. Korn","orcid":"0000-0001-9373-131X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":357523,"name":"Don O. Kikkawa","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":349921,"name":"Sally L. Baxter","orcid":"0000-0002-5271-7690","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":384833,"name":"Alison Chan","orcid":"0000-0002-2651-4873","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":25,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:49:35.285023Z","pmid":"34969350","pmcid":"PMC9243193","fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}