{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.95.21.12568","title":"Patterns of HIV-1 evolution in individuals with differing rates of CD4 T cell decline","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Evolution of HIV-1\n                    <jats:italic>env</jats:italic>\n                    sequences was studied in 15 seroconverting injection drug users selected for differences in the extent of CD4 T cell decline. The rates of increase of either sequence diversity at a given visit or divergence from the first seropositive visit were both higher in progressors than in nonprogressors. Viral evolution in individuals with rapid or moderate disease progression showed selection favoring nonsynonymous mutations, while nonprogressors with low viral loads selected against the nonsynonymous mutations that might have resulted in viruses with higher levels of replication. For 10 of the 15 subjects no single variant predominated over time. Evolution away from a dominant variant was followed frequently at a later time point by return to dominance of strains closely related to that variant. The observed evolutionary pattern is consistent with either selection against only the predominant virus or independent evolution occurring in different environments within the host. Differences in the level to which CD4 T cells fall in a given time period reflect not only quantitative differences in accumulation of mutations, but differences in the types of mutations that provide the best adaptation to the host environment.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":1998,"id":634325,"datarank":0.7130385286659547,"base_score":4.7535901911063645,"endowment":4.7535901911063645,"self_citation_contribution":0.7130385286659547,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7130385286659547,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":115,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1645075,"name":"Wei-Cinn Wang","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1645076,"name":"Anton E. Weisstein","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1055428,"name":"Zhe Wang","orcid":"0000-0001-8812-3184","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1645078,"name":"Alvaro Munoz","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1645079,"name":"Alan Templeton","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1159287,"name":"Joseph Margolick","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":41000,"name":"David Vlahov","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":23799,"name":"Thomas Quinn","orcid":"0000-0001-5510-2803","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":682609,"name":"Homayoon Farzadegan","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":214506,"name":"Xiao-Fang Yu","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":373106,"name":"Richard B. Markham","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Patterns of HIV-1 evolution in individuals with differing rates of CD4 T cell decline","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    Evolution of HIV-1\n                    <jats:italic>env</jats:italic>\n                    sequences was studied in 15 seroconverting injection drug users selected for differences in the extent of CD4 T cell decline. The rates of increase of either sequence diversity at a given visit or divergence from the first seropositive visit were both higher in progressors than in nonprogressors. Viral evolution in individuals with rapid or moderate disease progression showed selection favoring nonsynonymous mutations, while nonprogressors with low viral loads selected against the nonsynonymous mutations that might have resulted in viruses with higher levels of replication. For 10 of the 15 subjects no single variant predominated over time. Evolution away from a dominant variant was followed frequently at a later time point by return to dominance of strains closely related to that variant. The observed evolutionary pattern is consistent with either selection against only the predominant virus or independent evolution occurring in different environments within the host. Differences in the level to which CD4 T cells fall in a given time period reflect not only quantitative differences in accumulation of mutations, but differences in the types of mutations that provide the best adaptation to the host environment.\n                  </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.7535901911063645,"endowment":4.7535901911063645,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"9770526","pmcid":"PMC22871","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2115981562","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"PHS HHS","grant_id":"04334","title":null},{"funder_name":"PHS HHS","grant_id":"09541","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"DA 09973","title":null}],"total_grants":3,"fwci":0.8304,"citation_percentile":0.69797525,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":8},{"year":2013,"count":7},{"year":2014,"count":4},{"year":2015,"count":1},{"year":2016,"count":2},{"year":2017,"count":7},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2019,"count":3},{"year":2020,"count":6},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.95.21.12568","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.21.12568","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9770526","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/22871","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["HIV Research and Treatment","Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment"],"mesh_terms":["Base Sequence","Humans","Lymphocyte Depletion","Molecular Sequence Data","Phylogeny","CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes","HIV-1","HIV Infections","Genes, env","DNA Primers","Evolution, Molecular"],"keywords":["Nonsynonymous substitution","Biology","Viral evolution","Dominance (genetics)","Virus","Genetics","Adaptation (eye)","Positive selection","Virology","Evolutionary biology","Gene","RNA","Genome"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"gen"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T13:28:59.674109Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}