{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.95.18.10608","title":"Reconstitution of HIV-1 Rev nuclear export: Independent requirements for nuclear import and export","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Rev protein of HIV-1 actively shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm and mediates the export of unspliced retroviral RNAs. The localization of shuttling proteins such as Rev is controlled by the relative rates of nuclear import and export. To study nuclear export in isolation, we generated cell lines expressing a green fluorescent protein-labeled chimeric protein consisting of HIV-1 Rev and a hormone-inducible nuclear localization sequence. Steroid removal switches off import thus allowing direct visualization of the Rev export pathway in living cells. After digitonin permeabilization of these cells, we found that a functional nuclear export sequence (NES), ATP, and fractionated cytosol were sufficient for nuclear export\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro.</jats:italic>\n                    Nuclear pore-specific lectins and leptomycin B were potent export inhibitors. Nuclear export was not inhibited by antagonists of calcium metabolism that block nuclear import. These data further suggest that nuclear pores do not functionally close when luminal calcium stores are depleted. The distinct requirements for nuclear import and export argue that these competing processes may be regulated independently. This system should have wide applicability for the analysis of nuclear import and export.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":1998,"id":632290,"datarank":0.7091081728068512,"base_score":4.727387818712341,"endowment":4.727387818712341,"self_citation_contribution":0.7091081728068512,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7091081728068512,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":112,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":824468,"name":"Thomas D. Sweitzer","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":353933,"name":"John A. Hanover","orcid":"0000-0002-3154-9878","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":548178,"name":"Dona C. Love","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Reconstitution of HIV-1 Rev nuclear export: Independent requirements for nuclear import and export","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The Rev protein of HIV-1 actively shuttles between nucleus and cytoplasm and mediates the export of unspliced retroviral RNAs. The localization of shuttling proteins such as Rev is controlled by the relative rates of nuclear import and export. To study nuclear export in isolation, we generated cell lines expressing a green fluorescent protein-labeled chimeric protein consisting of HIV-1 Rev and a hormone-inducible nuclear localization sequence. Steroid removal switches off import thus allowing direct visualization of the Rev export pathway in living cells. After digitonin permeabilization of these cells, we found that a functional nuclear export sequence (NES), ATP, and fractionated cytosol were sufficient for nuclear export\n                    <jats:italic>in vitro.</jats:italic>\n                    Nuclear pore-specific lectins and leptomycin B were potent export inhibitors. Nuclear export was not inhibited by antagonists of calcium metabolism that block nuclear import. These data further suggest that nuclear pores do not functionally close when luminal calcium stores are depleted. The distinct requirements for nuclear import and export argue that these competing processes may be regulated independently. This system should have wide applicability for the analysis of nuclear import and export.\n                  </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.727387818712341,"endowment":4.727387818712341,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"9724751","pmcid":"PMC27942","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2082315566","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.4434,"citation_percentile":0.89767203,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":4},{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":6},{"year":2015,"count":3},{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":3},{"year":2018,"count":2},{"year":2019,"count":3},{"year":2020,"count":5},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":6},{"year":2024,"count":5},{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.95.18.10608","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.95.18.10608","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9724751","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC27942","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/27942","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Nuclear Structure and Function","RNA Research and Splicing","HIV Research and Treatment"],"mesh_terms":["Adenosine Triphosphate","Biological Transport","Calcium","Cell Nucleus","HeLa Cells","Humans","Hydrolysis","HIV-1","Gene Products, rev","rev Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus","Hela Cells"],"keywords":["Nuclear export signal","Nuclear transport","Cell biology","Nuclear protein","Cytosol","Nuclear localization sequence","Nuclear pore","Cytoplasm","Cell nucleus","Biology","Biochemistry","Transcription factor","Gene","Enzyme"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-06T09:28:14.191933Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}