{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.93.26.15081","title":"Architectural limits on split genes","abstract":"<jats:p>Exon/intron architecture varies across the eukaryotic kingdom\n with large introns and small exons the rule in vertebrates and the\n opposite in lower eukaryotes. To investigate the relationship between\n exon and intron size in pre-mRNA processing, internally expanded exons\n were placed in vertebrate genes with small and large introns. Both exon\n and intron size influenced splicing phenotype. Intron size dictated if\n large exons were efficiently recognized. When introns were large, large\n exons were skipped; when introns were small, the same large exons were\n included. Thus, large exons were incompatible for splicing if and only\n if they were flanked by large introns. Both intron and exon size became\n problematic at ≈500 nt, although both exon and intron sequence\n influenced the size at which exons and introns failed to be recognized.\n These results indicate that present-day gene architecture reflects at\n least in part limitations on exon recognition. Furthermore, these\n results strengthen models that invoke pairing of splice sites during\n recognition of pre-mRNAs, and suggest that vertebrate consensus\n sequences support pairing across either introns or exons.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":1996,"id":44869,"datarank":8.636511938299273,"base_score":5.231108616854587,"endowment":5.231108616854587,"self_citation_contribution":0.7846662925281881,"citation_network_contribution":7.8518456457710855,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7846662925281881,"citer_contribution":7.8518456457710855,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":186,"citer_count":185,"citers_with_citation_signal":154,"citers_with_endowment":154,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":210480,"name":"Troy Carlo","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":210481,"name":"Susan M. Berget","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":210479,"name":"Deborah A. Sterner","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":5.231108616854587,"endowment":5.231108616854587,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"8986767","pmcid":"PMC26359","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2083833254","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"GM38526","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":2.2004,"citation_percentile":0.88420052,"influential_citations":14,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":10},{"year":2013,"count":6},{"year":2014,"count":8},{"year":2015,"count":9},{"year":2016,"count":3},{"year":2017,"count":9},{"year":2018,"count":3},{"year":2019,"count":4},{"year":2020,"count":5},{"year":2021,"count":9},{"year":2022,"count":4},{"year":2023,"count":3},{"year":2024,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":4}],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc26359?pdf=render","host_type":"GREEN"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.93.26.15081","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.93.26.15081","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8986767","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/26359","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["RNA Research and Splicing","RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","RNA modifications and cancer","Medicine","Biology","Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase","Adenosine Deaminase","Animals","Avian Sarcoma Viruses","Chickens","Cricetinae","DNA, Complementary","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","Exons","Genes","Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase","Introns","Metallothionein","Mice","Ovalbumin","Phenotype","Polymerase Chain Reaction","Promoter Regions, Genetic","Proteins","Vertebrates"],"mesh_terms":["Adenine Phosphoribosyltransferase","Adenosine Deaminase","Animals","Avian Sarcoma Viruses","Chickens","Enhancer Elements, Genetic","Exons","Genes","Cricetinae","Hypoxanthine Phosphoribosyltransferase","Introns","Metallothionein","Ovalbumin","Phenotype","Promoter Regions, Genetic","Proteins","Vertebrates","Polymerase Chain Reaction","DNA, Complementary","Mice"],"keywords":["Exon","Intron","Exon shuffling","Splice site mutation","Exon trapping","RNA splicing","Biology","Genetics","Tandem exon duplication","Gene","Alternative splicing","Group II intron","splice","RNA"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Sustainable cities and communities"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-01T23:05:39.547029Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}