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Considered together, these four receptors provide a molecular basis for the pleiotropic effects of retinoic acid on early development, and their pattern of expression suggests a role for retinoic acid at the earliest stages of embryonic determination.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":1992,"id":590404,"datarank":6.623324698214484,"base_score":5.017279836814924,"endowment":5.017279836814924,"self_citation_contribution":0.7525919755222388,"citation_network_contribution":5.870732722692245,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7525919755222388,"citer_contribution":5.870732722692245,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":150,"citer_count":129,"citers_with_citation_signal":117,"citers_with_endowment":117,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1510607,"name":"D J Mangelsdorf","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1510608,"name":"J A Dyck","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1510609,"name":"D A Bittner","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1510610,"name":"R M Evans","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1510611,"name":"E M De Robertis","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1510606,"name":"B Blumberg","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Multiple retinoid-responsive receptors in a single cell: families of retinoid \"X\" receptors and retinoic acid receptors in the Xenopus egg.","abstract":"<jats:p>In a search for nuclear hormone receptors expressed in early development we found that Xenopus laevis eggs contain mRNAs from two retinoic acid receptor genes (xRAR alpha and xRAR gamma) and two retinoid \"X\" receptor genes (xRXR alpha and xRXR gamma). We also show that RXRs are members of a family of at least three genes, thus expanding the number of genes encoding retinoic acid-responsive transcription factors to six. With the exception of xRXR gamma, these maternal mRNAs are degraded before gastrulation. The RXRs isolated are differentially activated by retinoic acid and by 3,4-didehydroretinoic acid. Considered together, these four receptors provide a molecular basis for the pleiotropic effects of retinoic acid on early development, and their pattern of expression suggests a role for retinoic acid at the earliest stages of embryonic determination.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":5.017279836814924,"endowment":5.017279836814924,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"1312717","pmcid":"PMC48649","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2031040058","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NICHD NIH HHS","grant_id":"HD-07273","title":null},{"funder_name":"NICHD NIH HHS","grant_id":"HD-27700","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"GM-07185","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"1F32HD007273-01","title":"MATERNALLY EXPRESSED DEVELOPMENTAL GENES IN XENOPUS"}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":6.7103,"citation_percentile":0.97637037,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":4},{"year":2014,"count":2},{"year":2016,"count":2},{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.89.6.2321","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.6.2321","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1312717","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/48649","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://www.pnas.org/content/89/6/2321.full.pdf","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.6.2321","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Retinoids in leukemia and cellular processes","Estrogen and related hormone effects","Reproductive System and Pregnancy","0301 basic medicine","0303 health sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Amino Acid Sequence","Animals","Base Sequence","Carrier Proteins","Embryo, Nonmammalian","Female","Gene Library","Humans","Infant, Newborn","Kinetics","Molecular Sequence Data","Oligodeoxyribonucleotides","Ovum","RNA, Messenger","Receptors, Cell Surface","Receptors, Retinoic Acid","Retinoid X Receptors","Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid","Transcription Factors","Transfection","Tretinoin","Xenopus laevis"],"mesh_terms":["Amino Acid Sequence","Animals","Base Sequence","Carrier Proteins","Embryo, Nonmammalian","Female","Humans","Infant, Newborn","Kinetics","Molecular Sequence Data","Oligodeoxyribonucleotides","Ovum","Receptors, Cell Surface","RNA, Messenger","Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid","Transcription Factors","Transfection","Tretinoin","Xenopus laevis","Gene Library","Receptors, Retinoic Acid","Retinoid X Receptors"],"keywords":["Retinoic acid","Retinoid X receptor gamma","Retinoid X receptor beta","Retinoid X receptor alpha","Retinoic acid receptor alpha","Retinoic acid-inducible orphan G protein-coupled receptor","Biology","Retinoic acid receptor gamma","Retinoid X receptor","Xenopus","Retinoic acid receptor beta","Retinoic acid receptor","Receptor","Nuclear receptor","Retinoid","Molecular biology","Cell biology","Genetics","Gene","Transcription factor","Embryo, Nonmammalian","Base Sequence","Receptors, Retinoic Acid","Molecular Sequence Data","Infant, Newborn","Receptors, Cell Surface","Transfection","Kinetics","Retinoid X Receptors","Oligodeoxyribonucleotides","Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid","Animals","Humans","Female","Amino Acid Sequence","RNA, Messenger","Carrier Proteins","Gene Library","Ovum","Transcription Factors"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-24T20:02:41.203585Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}