{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.89.6.2262","title":"Translational frameshifting mediated by a viral sequence in plant cells.","abstract":"<jats:p>It has been proposed that the polymerase gene of barley yellow dwarf virus and related viruses is expressed by a ribosomal frameshift event during translation. The 5' end of this gene overlaps with the 3' end of an upstream gene that is in a different reading frame. The region of overlap is similar to sequences in retro- and coronaviruses that are known to express their polymerase genes by frameshifting. This overlap region includes a \"shifty\" heptanucleotide, followed by a highly structured region that may contain a pseudoknot. Sequences of 115 or 144 base pairs that span this region from barley yellow dwarf virus (PAV serotype) genomic RNA were introduced into a plasmid, so that a reporter gene could be expressed in plant cells only if a minus one (-1) frameshift event occurred. Frameshifting was detected at a rate of approximately 1%. This frameshifting was abolished when the stop codon at the 3' end of the upstream open reading frame was deleted. A sequence expected to form a strong stem-loop immediately upstream of the frameshift site was unnecessary for frameshifting, and initiation at AUG codons within the stem-loop appeared to be inhibited. Like viruses that infect hosts in other kingdoms, plant viruses also can induce frameshifting in translation of their genes.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":1992,"id":38881,"datarank":3.431415735942135,"base_score":4.418840607796598,"endowment":4.418840607796598,"self_citation_contribution":0.6628260911694899,"citation_network_contribution":2.7685896447726455,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6628260911694899,"citer_contribution":2.7685896447726455,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":82,"citer_count":72,"citers_with_citation_signal":64,"citers_with_endowment":64,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":192146,"name":"W A Miller","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":192145,"name":"V Brault","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.418840607796598,"endowment":4.418840607796598,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"1549592","pmcid":"PMC48637","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2019389859","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":10.8573,"citation_percentile":0.9835809,"influential_citations":6,"citation_trend":[{"year":2013,"count":1},{"year":2014,"count":4},{"year":2015,"count":2},{"year":2016,"count":2},{"year":2017,"count":2},{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc48637?pdf=render","host_type":"GREEN"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.89.6.2262","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.89.6.2262","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1549592","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://europepmc.org/pmc/articles/PMC48637","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/48637","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Plant Virus Research Studies","Transgenic Plants and Applications","Bacteriophages and microbial interactions","Biology","Medicine","Environmental Science","Amino Acid Sequence","Base Sequence","Cloning, Molecular","Codon","Frameshift Mutation","Glucuronidase","Molecular Sequence Data","Oligodeoxyribonucleotides","Open Reading Frames","Plant Viruses","Plants","Plasmids","Polymerase Chain Reaction","Protein Biosynthesis","Protoplasts"],"mesh_terms":["Amino Acid Sequence","Base Sequence","Cloning, Molecular","Codon","Glucuronidase","Molecular Sequence Data","Oligodeoxyribonucleotides","Plant Viruses","Plants","Plasmids","Protoplasts","Protein Biosynthesis","Polymerase Chain Reaction","Open Reading Frames","Frameshift Mutation"],"keywords":["Translational frameshift","Frameshift mutation","Biology","Stop codon","Genetics","Gene","Open reading frame","Reading frame","Pseudoknot","Upstream open reading frame","RNA","Virology","Mutation","Peptide sequence"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-11T07:15:02.361307Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}