{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.88.2.671","title":"Identification and characterization of \"zinc-finger\" domains by the polymerase chain reaction.","abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed a method for amplifying DNA fragments containing tandem arrays of \"zinc-finger\" sequences of the transcription factor IIIA (Cys2-His2) type by using the polymerase chain reaction. Because these sequences occur as tandem arrays, a ladder of bands is produced upon amplification using primers derived from the amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences of a zinc-finger domain. The \"rungs\" of this ladder correspond to DNA fragments encoding one zinc-finger domain, two adjacent zinc-finger domains, and so on. This is demonstrated by isolating individual bands corresponding to n zinc-finger domains and reamplifying them with the same primers. This yields a band of the original size as well as bands corresponding to 1 through (n - 1) zinc-finger domains. Direct evidence that these bands encode zinc-finger domains was obtained by cloning and sequencing a collection of the amplification products. Due to the lack of redundancy in the sequences obtained, we conclude that each band corresponds to a large number of unique zinc-finger-encoding sequences. The results from amplification reaction mixtures using genomic DNA from a variety of sources as template provide further evidence that zinc-finger domains occur widely and frequently in eukaryotic genomes. We believe that this method is a powerful technique for the isolation and characterization of zinc-finger-encoding genes.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":1991,"id":47311,"datarank":4.155153011858698,"base_score":3.8918202981106265,"endowment":3.8918202981106265,"self_citation_contribution":0.5837730447165941,"citation_network_contribution":3.571379967142104,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5837730447165941,"citer_contribution":3.571379967142104,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":48,"citer_count":46,"citers_with_citation_signal":43,"citers_with_endowment":43,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":218742,"name":"J M Berg","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":218741,"name":"G R Pellegrino","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Identification and characterization of \"zinc-finger\" domains by the polymerase chain reaction.","abstract":"<jats:p>We have developed a method for amplifying DNA fragments containing tandem arrays of \"zinc-finger\" sequences of the transcription factor IIIA (Cys2-His2) type by using the polymerase chain reaction. Because these sequences occur as tandem arrays, a ladder of bands is produced upon amplification using primers derived from the amino- and carboxyl-terminal sequences of a zinc-finger domain. The \"rungs\" of this ladder correspond to DNA fragments encoding one zinc-finger domain, two adjacent zinc-finger domains, and so on. This is demonstrated by isolating individual bands corresponding to n zinc-finger domains and reamplifying them with the same primers. This yields a band of the original size as well as bands corresponding to 1 through (n - 1) zinc-finger domains. Direct evidence that these bands encode zinc-finger domains was obtained by cloning and sequencing a collection of the amplification products. Due to the lack of redundancy in the sequences obtained, we conclude that each band corresponds to a large number of unique zinc-finger-encoding sequences. The results from amplification reaction mixtures using genomic DNA from a variety of sources as template provide further evidence that zinc-finger domains occur widely and frequently in eukaryotic genomes. We believe that this method is a powerful technique for the isolation and characterization of zinc-finger-encoding genes.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.8918202981106265,"endowment":3.8918202981106265,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"1988964","pmcid":"PMC50874","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2081033389","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"GM-38230","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"5T32-GM-07231","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5T32GM007231-16","title":"CELLULAR AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY"}],"total_grants":3,"fwci":2.1192,"citation_percentile":0.87953403,"influential_citations":1,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":2},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2025,"count":1}],"oa_status":"green","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/pmc50874?pdf=render","host_type":"GREEN"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.88.2.671","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.2.671","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1988964","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/50874","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://www.pnas.org/content/88/2/671.full.pdf","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.88.2.671","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Renal and related cancers","Animal Genetics and Reproduction","Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics","Medicine","Biology","0301 basic medicine","0303 health sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Amino Acid Sequence","Base Sequence","Cloning, Molecular","DNA","Genome, Human","Humans","Molecular Sequence Data","Polymerase Chain Reaction","Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid","Restriction Mapping","Templates, Genetic","Zinc Fingers"],"mesh_terms":["Amino Acid Sequence","Base Sequence","Cloning, Molecular","DNA","Humans","Molecular Sequence Data","Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid","Templates, Genetic","Restriction Mapping","Genome, Human","Polymerase Chain Reaction","Zinc Fingers"],"keywords":["Zinc finger","Zinc finger nuclease","RING finger domain","LIM domain","Zinc","Biology","genomic DNA","DNA","PHD finger","Sp1 transcription factor","Polymerase chain reaction","Genetics","Gene","Computational biology","Transcription factor","Chemistry","Promoter","Base Sequence","Genome, Human","Molecular Sequence Data","Restriction Mapping","Zinc Fingers","Templates, Genetic","Humans","Amino Acid Sequence","Cloning, Molecular","Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. 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