{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.82.12.4198","title":"Rates of evolution of the retroviral oncogene of Moloney murine sarcoma virus and of its cellular homologues.","abstract":"<jats:p>A method is proposed for computing the rates of nucleotide substitution for an oncogene of a retrovirus (v-onc), its cellular homologue (c-onc), and the retrovirus genome simultaneously. The method has been applied to DNA sequences of the v-mos gene of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MuSV) and the c-mos and gag genes of Mo-MuSV and Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). The rates of nucleotide substitution for c-mos, the gag gene, and v-mos are estimated to be 1.71 X 10(-9), 6.3 X 10(-4), and 1.31 X 10(-3) per site per year, respectively. The rate of evolution of c-mos is comparable to that of many functional genes in DNA genomes, suggesting some important biological function played by cellular oncogenes. The rates of nucleotide substitution in the v-mos and gag genes are very high and are similar to those of RNA viral genes such as the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes in the influenza A virus. Thus, oncogenes seem to exemplify a general feature of genome evolution: the rate of evolution of RNA genomes can be more than a million times greater than that of DNA genomes because of a high mutation rate in the RNA genome.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":1985,"id":597483,"datarank":0.6681520944380261,"base_score":4.454347296253507,"endowment":4.454347296253507,"self_citation_contribution":0.6681520944380261,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6681520944380261,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":85,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1530726,"name":"S Yokoyama","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1530725,"name":"T Gojobori","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Rates of evolution of the retroviral oncogene of Moloney murine sarcoma virus and of its cellular homologues.","abstract":"<jats:p>A method is proposed for computing the rates of nucleotide substitution for an oncogene of a retrovirus (v-onc), its cellular homologue (c-onc), and the retrovirus genome simultaneously. The method has been applied to DNA sequences of the v-mos gene of Moloney murine sarcoma virus (Mo-MuSV) and the c-mos and gag genes of Mo-MuSV and Moloney murine leukemia virus (Mo-MuLV). The rates of nucleotide substitution for c-mos, the gag gene, and v-mos are estimated to be 1.71 X 10(-9), 6.3 X 10(-4), and 1.31 X 10(-3) per site per year, respectively. The rate of evolution of c-mos is comparable to that of many functional genes in DNA genomes, suggesting some important biological function played by cellular oncogenes. The rates of nucleotide substitution in the v-mos and gag genes are very high and are similar to those of RNA viral genes such as the hemagglutinin and neuraminidase genes in the influenza A virus. Thus, oncogenes seem to exemplify a general feature of genome evolution: the rate of evolution of RNA genomes can be more than a million times greater than that of DNA genomes because of a high mutation rate in the RNA genome.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"2987967","pmcid":"PMC397963","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2987967","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"GM-20293","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIMH NIH HHS","grant_id":"MH-31302","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"GM-28672","title":null}],"total_grants":3,"fwci":0.0,"citation_percentile":0.00068468,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[],"oa_status":"closed","license":"other-oa","oa_locations":[{"url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1822/7454","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.82.12.4198","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt/bitstream/1822/7454/1/cambridge2%5b1%5d.pdf","host_type":""},{"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1822/7454","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Fungal Biology and Applications"],"mesh_terms":["Animals","Mice","Sarcoma Viruses, Murine","Moloney murine sarcoma virus","Gene Products, gag","Viral Proteins","RNA, Viral","Genes, Viral","Oncogenes","Biological Evolution"],"keywords":["Ganoderma","Portuguese","Biology","Food science","Ganoderma lucidum","Linguistics"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Zero hunger"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-28T13:23:54.649162Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}