{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2409985122","title":"Whole-brain white matter variation across childhood environments","abstract":"<jats:p>White matter develops over the course of childhood in an experience-dependent manner. However, its role in the relationship between the early environment and later cognition is unclear, in part due to focus on changes in specific gray matter regions. This study examines white matter differences across adolescents from diverse environments, evaluating both their extent throughout the brain and their contribution to cognitive outcomes. Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (N = 9,082, female = 4,327), we found extensive cross-sectional associations with lower white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and streamline count in the brains of 9- and 10-y-old children exposed to a range of experiences, including prenatal risk factors, interpersonal adversity, household economic deprivation, and neighborhood adversity. Lower values of FA were associated with later difficulties with mental arithmetic and receptive language. Furthermore, white matter FA partially mediated the detrimental relationship between adversity and cognition later in adolescence. These findings advance a white matter-based account of the neural and cognitive effects of adversity, which supports leading developmental theories that place interregional connectivity prior to gray matter maturation.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2025,"id":640022,"datarank":0.41588830833596724,"base_score":2.772588722239781,"endowment":2.772588722239781,"self_citation_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.41588830833596724,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":15,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":676475,"name":"Isaiah Kletenik","orcid":"0000-0001-7706-967X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1660375,"name":"Duncan Astle","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":249914,"name":"Lee H. 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Using data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study (N = 9,082, female = 4,327), we found extensive cross-sectional associations with lower white matter fractional anisotropy (FA) and streamline count in the brains of 9- and 10-y-old children exposed to a range of experiences, including prenatal risk factors, interpersonal adversity, household economic deprivation, and neighborhood adversity. Lower values of FA were associated with later difficulties with mental arithmetic and receptive language. Furthermore, white matter FA partially mediated the detrimental relationship between adversity and cognition later in adolescence. These findings advance a white matter-based account of the neural and cognitive effects of adversity, which supports leading developmental theories that place interregional connectivity prior to gray matter maturation.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"40193606","pmcid":"PMC12012481","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4409220108","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"HHS | NIH | National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","grant_id":"L30 NS134024","title":null},{"funder_name":"UKRI | Medical Research Council","grant_id":"MC-A0606-5PQ41","title":null},{"funder_name":"Templeton World Charity Foundation","grant_id":"TWCF-2022-30510","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U24 DA041147","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041117","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041174","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041022","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041028","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041048","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041106","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041089","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041134","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041156","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041120","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041025","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041093","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U01 DA041148","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"U24 DA041123","title":null}],"total_grants":18,"fwci":8.8268,"citation_percentile":0.98314535,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2025,"count":1},{"year":2026,"count":12}],"oa_status":"hybrid","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409985122","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2409985122","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.2409985122","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/40193606","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/12012481","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12012481/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12012481","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC12012481?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications","Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","Neonatal and fetal brain pathology","Humans","White Matter","Female","Child","Male","Cognition","Adolescent","Brain","Cross-Sectional Studies","Gray Matter","Diffusion Tensor Imaging","Anisotropy"],"mesh_terms":["Adolescent","Brain","Child","Cognition","Cross-Sectional Studies","Female","Humans","Male","Anisotropy","Diffusion Tensor Imaging","White Matter","Gray Matter"],"keywords":["White matter","Cognition","Developmental psychology","Psychology","Fractional anisotropy","Cognitive development","Neuroscience","Medicine","Early Adversity","Abcd"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-07T05:52:44.339328Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}