{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2320276121","title":"Diverse roles of pontine NPS-expressing neurons in sleep regulation","abstract":"Neuropeptide S (NPS) was postulated to be a wake-promoting neuropeptide with unknown mechanism, and a mutation in its receptor (NPSR1) causes the short sleep duration trait in humans. We investigated the role of different NPS + nuclei in sleep/wake regulation. Loss-of-function and chemogenetic studies revealed that NPS + neurons in the parabrachial nucleus (PB) are wake-promoting, whereas peri-locus coeruleus (peri-LC) NPS + neurons are not important for sleep/wake modulation. Further, we found that a NPS + nucleus in the central gray of the pons (CGPn) strongly promotes sleep. Fiber photometry recordings showed that NPS + neurons are wake-active in the CGPn and wake/REM-sleep active in the PB and peri-LC. Blocking NPS–NPSR1 signaling or knockdown of Nps supported the function of the NPS–NPSR1 pathway in sleep/wake regulation. Together, these results reveal that NPS and NPS + neurons play dichotomous roles in sleep/wake regulation at both the molecular and circuit levels.","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2024,"id":437867,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":10,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9548,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1247367,"name":"Xianlin Zou","orcid":"0000-0002-6310-294X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":849920,"name":"Yin Chen","orcid":"0000-0003-4651-2100","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1247779,"name":"John M. Webb","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1247368,"name":"Guangsen Shi","orcid":"0000-0002-9027-6806","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451354,"name":"Louis J. Ptáček","orcid":"0000-0001-5983-4454","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":451353,"name":"Ying‐Hui Fu","orcid":"0000-0002-6628-0266","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1247366,"name":"Lijuan Xing","orcid":"0000-0002-9966-9454","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:00:34.490087Z","pmid":"38381789","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}