{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2318438121","title":"Extrachromosomal telomere DNA derived from excessive strand displacements","abstract":"Alternative lengthening of telomeres (ALT) is a telomere maintenance mechanism mediated by break-induced replication, evident in approximately 15% of human cancers. A characteristic feature of ALT cancers is the presence of C-circles, circular single-stranded telomeric DNAs composed of C-rich sequences. Despite the fact that extrachromosomal C-rich single-stranded DNAs (ssDNAs), including C-circles, are unique to ALT cells, their generation process remains undefined. Here, we introduce a method to detect single-stranded telomeric DNA, called 4SET (Strand-Specific Southern-blot for Single-stranded Extrachromosomal Telomeres) assay. Utilizing 4SET, we are able to capture C-rich single-stranded DNAs that are near 200 to 1500 nucleotides in size. Both linear C-rich ssDNAs and C-circles are abundant in the fractions of cytoplasm and nucleoplasm, which supports the idea that linear and circular C-rich ssDNAs are generated concurrently. We also found that C-rich ssDNAs originate during Okazaki fragment processing during lagging strand DNA synthesis. The generation of C-rich ssDNA requires CST-PP (CTC1/STN1/TEN1-PRIMASE-Polymerase alpha) complex-mediated priming of the C-strand DNA synthesis and subsequent excessive strand displacement of the C-rich strand mediated by the DNA Polymerase delta and the BLM helicase. Our work proposes a model for the generation of C-rich ssDNAs and C-circles during ALT-mediated telomere elongation.","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2024,"id":431574,"datarank":0.42498200160843247,"base_score":2.833213344056216,"endowment":2.833213344056216,"self_citation_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.42498200160843247,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":16,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.948,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2024-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":869618,"name":"Jina Lee","orcid":"0000-0003-0607-4513","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1043598,"name":"Eric J. Sohn","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":316509,"name":"Angelo Taglialatela","orcid":"0000-0001-5391-8518","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":326575,"name":"Roderick J. O’Sullivan","orcid":"0000-0002-0289-0911","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":316516,"name":"Alberto Ciccia","orcid":"0000-0003-4789-6564","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1008329,"name":"Jaewon Min","orcid":"0000-0002-2065-0428","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1189789,"name":"Junyeop Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-6367-9183","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":52,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:59:30.747263Z","pmid":"38696464","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}