{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2220403120","title":"A next-generation intranasal trivalent MMS vaccine induces durable and broad protection against SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern","abstract":"As SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern (VoCs) that evade immunity continue to emerge, next-generation adaptable COVID-19 vaccines which protect the respiratory tract and provide broader, more effective, and durable protection are urgently needed. Here, we have developed one such approach, a highly efficacious, intranasally delivered, trivalent measles-mumps-SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein (MMS) vaccine candidate that induces robust systemic and mucosal immunity with broad protection. This vaccine candidate is based on three components of the MMR vaccine, a measles virus Edmonston and the two mumps virus strains [Jeryl Lynn 1 (JL1) and JL2] that are known to provide safe, effective, and long-lasting protective immunity. The six proline-stabilized prefusion S protein (preS-6P) genes for ancestral SARS-CoV-2 WA1 and two important SARS-CoV-2 VoCs (Delta and Omicron BA.1) were each inserted into one of these three viruses which were then combined into a trivalent “MMS” candidate vaccine. Intranasal immunization of MMS in IFNAR1 −/− mice induced a strong SARS-CoV-2-specific serum IgG response, cross-variant neutralizing antibodies, mucosal IgA, and systemic and tissue-resident T cells. Immunization of golden Syrian hamsters with MMS vaccine induced similarly high levels of antibodies that efficiently neutralized SARS-CoV-2 VoCs and provided broad and complete protection against challenge with any of these VoCs. This MMS vaccine is an efficacious, broadly protective next-generation COVID-19 vaccine candidate, which is readily adaptable to new variants, built on a platform with a 50-y safety record that also protects against measles and mumps.","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2023,"id":348532,"datarank":0.37273599746820013,"base_score":2.4849066497880004,"endowment":2.4849066497880004,"self_citation_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.37273599746820013,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":11,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9644,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":651168,"name":"Yuexiu Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-3948-1425","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278005,"name":"Panke Qu","orcid":"0000-0002-0222-365X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1090798,"name":"Mohamed M. Shamseldin","orcid":"0000-0002-5324-1145","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1090799,"name":"Sung J. Yoo","orcid":"0000-0002-0892-2718","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1091166,"name":"Jack Misny","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1090800,"name":"Ilada Thongpan","orcid":"0000-0002-6656-3530","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":652407,"name":"Mahesh KC","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":400832,"name":"Jesse M. Hall","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278003,"name":"John P. Evans","orcid":"0000-0001-8644-5825","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":441750,"name":"Mostafa Eltobgy","orcid":"0000-0002-4056-7429","position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236189,"name":"Mijia Lu","orcid":"0000-0002-4438-980X","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2361,"name":"Chengjin Ye","orcid":"0000-0002-1934-9494","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1090801,"name":"Michelle Chamblee","orcid":"0000-0002-9794-4504","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":238850,"name":"Xueya Liang","orcid":null,"position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":2423,"name":"Luis Martínez‐Sobrido","orcid":"0000-0001-7084-0804","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315471,"name":"Amal O. Amer","orcid":"0000-0003-4487-7536","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241044,"name":"Jacob S. Yount","orcid":"0000-0002-6128-4575","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":315472,"name":"Prosper N. Boyaka","orcid":"0000-0001-6857-9088","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236197,"name":"Mark E. Peeples","orcid":"0000-0002-4582-317X","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278009,"name":"Shan‐Lu Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-1620-3817","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":497430,"name":"Purnima Dubey","orcid":"0000-0002-5454-8421","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236198,"name":"Jiànróng Lǐ","orcid":"0000-0002-7130-1084","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":854905,"name":"Jiayu Xu","orcid":"0000-0002-0252-839X","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":44,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:12:06.040073Z","pmid":"37796985","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}