{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.221439999","title":"Control of Epstein–Barr virus reactivation by activated CD40 and viral latent membrane protein 1","abstract":"<jats:p>In humans, Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) establishes a persistent\n latent infection in peripheral resting B lymphocytes. Virus\n reactivation is highly restricted. Whereas in healthy humans the\n infection usually is benign, immunocompromised patients show an\n increased risk for EBV-associated malignancies, accompanied by\n an increase in virus replication and in the number of virus-infected\n cells. To search for viral and host factors regulating virus\n reactivation, we used conditionally EBV-immortalized B cells. We found\n that CD40–CD40 ligand interaction and the viral mimic of activated\n CD40, EBV latent membrane protein 1, suppress virus reactivation. Both\n inhibit anti-IgM or phorbolester-induced transcription of the viral\n immediate early protein BZLF1, which controls entry into the viral\n lytic cycle. The finding that latent membrane protein 1 and CD40\n contribute to the regulation of latency may have important implications\n for the balance between EBV and its host in normal as well as in\n immunocompromised individuals.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2002,"id":22213,"datarank":4.562547134348571,"base_score":4.48863636973214,"endowment":4.48863636973214,"self_citation_contribution":0.6732954554598211,"citation_network_contribution":3.88925167888875,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6732954554598211,"citer_contribution":3.88925167888875,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":88,"citer_count":83,"citers_with_citation_signal":75,"citers_with_endowment":75,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":140429,"name":"Eveline Schaadt","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":140431,"name":"Bettina Kempkes","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":140433,"name":"Ursula Zimber-Strobl","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":140434,"name":"Barbara Baier","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":140435,"name":"Georg W. Bornkamm","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":140427,"name":"Barbara Adler","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.48863636973214,"endowment":4.48863636973214,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"11752411","pmcid":"PMC117578","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2119658998","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":2.6189,"citation_percentile":0.90302152,"influential_citations":5,"citation_trend":[{"year":2012,"count":5},{"year":2013,"count":7},{"year":2014,"count":3},{"year":2015,"count":4},{"year":2016,"count":4},{"year":2017,"count":5},{"year":2018,"count":2},{"year":2019,"count":2},{"year":2020,"count":1},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":1},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2025,"count":2}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.221439999","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.221439999","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.221439999","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.221439999","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.221439999","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/11752411","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/117578","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Viral-associated cancers and disorders","Lymphoma Diagnosis and Treatment","Histiocytic Disorders and Treatments","Medicine","Biology","B-Lymphocytes","Blotting, Northern","CD40 Antigens","Cell Line","Cell Separation","DNA-Binding Proteins","Flow Cytometry","Herpesvirus 4, Human","Humans","Immunoblotting","Ligands","Protein Binding","Signal Transduction","Trans-Activators","Transcription, Genetic","Transfection","Viral Matrix Proteins","Viral Proteins"],"mesh_terms":["B-Lymphocytes","Cell Line","Cell Separation","DNA-Binding Proteins","Herpesvirus 4, Human","Flow Cytometry","Humans","Ligands","Protein Binding","Transcription, Genetic","Transfection","Viral Matrix Proteins","Viral Proteins","Immunoblotting","Blotting, Northern","Signal Transduction","Trans-Activators","CD40 Antigens"],"keywords":["BZLF1","Lytic cycle","Virus","Biology","Virology","Epstein–Barr virus","Latent Virus","Viral replication","Virus latency","Viral entry","CD40","Viral protein","Viral matrix protein","Antibody-dependent enhancement","Herpesviridae","Immunology","Viral disease","Cytotoxic T cell","Genetics"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-06T18:18:29.896995Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}