{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2202148119","title":"PD-1 blockade following ART interruption enhances control of pathogenic SIV in rhesus macaques","abstract":"Programmed death-1 (PD-1) blockade during chronic Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection results in restoration of CD8 T-cell function and enhances viral control. Here, we tested the therapeutic benefits of PD-1 blockade administered soon after anti-retrovial therapy (ART) interruption (ATI) by treating SIV-infected and ART-suppressed macaques with either an anti-PD-1 antibody ( n = 7) or saline ( n = 4) at 4 wk after ATI. Following ATI, the plasma viremia increased rapidly in all animals, and the frequency of SIV-specific CD8 T cells also increased in some animals. PD-1 blockade post ATI resulted in higher proliferation of total memory CD8 and CD4 T cells and natural killer cells. PD-1 blockade also resulted in higher proliferation of SIV-specific CD8 T cells and promoted their differentiation toward better functional quality. Importantly, four out of the seven anti-PD-1 antibody-treated animals showed a rapid decline in plasma viremia by 100- to 2300-fold and this was observed only in animals that showed measurable SIV-specific CD8 T cells post PD-1 blockade. These results demonstrate that PD-1 blockade following ATI can significantly improve the function of anti-viral CD8 T cells and enhance viral control and strongly suggests its potential synergy with other immunotherapies that induce functional CD8 T-cell response under ART. These results have important implications for HIV cure research.","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2022,"id":244902,"datarank":0.49983067652628066,"base_score":3.332204510175204,"endowment":3.332204510175204,"self_citation_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.49983067652628066,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":27,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9561,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2022-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":423406,"name":"Kehmia Titanji","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":427198,"name":"Hasan Ahmed","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":879289,"name":"Ravi Dyavar Shetty","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":879290,"name":"Lakshmi Chennareddi","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":4539,"name":"Gordon J. Freeman","orcid":"0000-0002-7210-5616","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":226172,"name":"Rafi Ahmed","orcid":"0000-0002-9591-2621","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253824,"name":"Rama Rao Amara","orcid":"0000-0002-6309-6797","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":280890,"name":"Vijayakumar Velu","orcid":"0000-0003-4238-1924","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":17,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-07-19T00:23:30.364338Z","pmid":"35939675","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}