{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.2104668118","title":"Bidirectional flow of the funny current (I <sub>f</sub> ) during the pacemaking cycle in murine sinoatrial node myocytes","abstract":"Significance The funny current (I f ) is critical for spontaneous activity in cardiac pacemaker cells; however, its precise role remains enigmatic because it activates mostly outside the physiological voltage range and its kinetics are slow relative to the cardiac cycle. I f is typically considered as an inward current; however, we show that I f is persistently active in pacemaker cells. Once opened, the small fraction of ion channels that conduct I f do not reclose. Consequently, I f flows both inward and outward and, paradoxically, conducts a large fraction of the net charge movement. These results establish a new conceptual framework for pacemaking in which voltage-dependent gating of I f is minimal and I f contributes to spontaneous pacemaker activity by providing driving force in both directions.","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2021,"id":166810,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":33,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9574,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":693360,"name":"Pin W. Liu","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":322548,"name":"Stefano Morotti","orcid":"0000-0001-8679-665X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":355382,"name":"Stephanie C. Gantz","orcid":"0000-0002-1800-4400","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":471958,"name":"Eleonora Grandi","orcid":"0000-0002-4401-8857","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":444108,"name":"Bruce P. Bean","orcid":"0000-0002-5093-3576","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":499867,"name":"Catherine Proenza","orcid":"0000-0003-4324-6206","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":499863,"name":"Colin H. Peters","orcid":"0000-0001-8557-9100","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":88,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:45:49.644768Z","pmid":"34260402","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}