{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1918205117","title":"Trade-off between somatic and germline repair in a vertebrate supports the expensive germ line hypothesis","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The disposable soma theory is a central tenet of the biology of aging where germline immortality comes at the cost of an aging soma [T. B. L. Kirkwood,\n                    <jats:italic>Nature</jats:italic>\n                    270, 301–304 (1977); T. B. L. Kirkwood,\n                    <jats:italic>Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.</jats:italic>\n                    205, 531–546 (1979); T. B. L. Kirkwood, S. N. Austad,\n                    <jats:italic>Nature</jats:italic>\n                    408, 233–238 (2000)]. Limited resources and a possible trade-off between the repair and maintenance of the germ cells and growth and maintenance of the soma may explain the deterioration of the soma over time. Here we show that germline removal allows accelerated somatic healing under stress. We tested “the expensive germ line” hypothesis by generating germline-free zebrafish\n                    <jats:italic>Danio rerio</jats:italic>\n                    and testing the effect of the presence and absence of the germ line on somatic repair under benign and stressful conditions. We exposed male fish to sublethal low-dose ionizing radiation, a genotoxic stress affecting the soma and the germ line, and tested how fast the soma recovered following partial fin ablation. We found that somatic recovery from ablation occurred substantially faster in irradiated germline-free fish than in the control germline-carrying fish where somatic recovery was stunned. The germ line did show signs of postirradiation recovery in germline-carrying fish in several traits related to offspring number and fitness. These results support the theoretical conjecture that germline maintenance is costly and directly trades off with somatic maintenance.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2020,"id":626134,"datarank":0.5983476069846413,"base_score":3.9889840465642745,"endowment":3.9889840465642745,"self_citation_contribution":0.5983476069846413,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5983476069846413,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":53,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1619560,"name":"Cecile Jolly","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1619561,"name":"Kasparas Bublys","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":572117,"name":"Daniel Marcu","orcid":"0000-0002-2151-5850","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":165554,"name":"Simone Immler","orcid":"0000-0003-1234-935X","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":165548,"name":"Hwei-yen Chen","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Trade-off between somatic and germline repair in a vertebrate supports the expensive germ line hypothesis","abstract":"<jats:p>\n                    The disposable soma theory is a central tenet of the biology of aging where germline immortality comes at the cost of an aging soma [T. B. L. Kirkwood,\n                    <jats:italic>Nature</jats:italic>\n                    270, 301–304 (1977); T. B. L. Kirkwood,\n                    <jats:italic>Proc. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci.</jats:italic>\n                    205, 531–546 (1979); T. B. L. Kirkwood, S. N. Austad,\n                    <jats:italic>Nature</jats:italic>\n                    408, 233–238 (2000)]. Limited resources and a possible trade-off between the repair and maintenance of the germ cells and growth and maintenance of the soma may explain the deterioration of the soma over time. Here we show that germline removal allows accelerated somatic healing under stress. We tested “the expensive germ line” hypothesis by generating germline-free zebrafish\n                    <jats:italic>Danio rerio</jats:italic>\n                    and testing the effect of the presence and absence of the germ line on somatic repair under benign and stressful conditions. We exposed male fish to sublethal low-dose ionizing radiation, a genotoxic stress affecting the soma and the germ line, and tested how fast the soma recovered following partial fin ablation. We found that somatic recovery from ablation occurred substantially faster in irradiated germline-free fish than in the control germline-carrying fish where somatic recovery was stunned. The germ line did show signs of postirradiation recovery in germline-carrying fish in several traits related to offspring number and fitness. These results support the theoretical conjecture that germline maintenance is costly and directly trades off with somatic maintenance.\n                  </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":3.9889840465642745,"endowment":3.9889840465642745,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"32245815","pmcid":"PMC7183174","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W3014642899","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"EC | FP7 | FP7 Ideas: European Research Council","grant_id":"Hapsela 336633","title":null},{"funder_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","grant_id":"Wallenberg Academy Fellowship","title":null},{"funder_name":"Human Frontier Science Program","grant_id":"RGP0025/2015","title":null},{"funder_name":"European Research Council","grant_id":"336633","title":"Haploid selection in animals: investigating the importance of genetic and epigenetic effects in sperm"},{"funder_name":"Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation","grant_id":"unidentified","title":"unidentified"}],"total_grants":5,"fwci":3.4433,"citation_percentile":0.94227504,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2020,"count":3},{"year":2021,"count":10},{"year":2022,"count":11},{"year":2023,"count":13},{"year":2024,"count":7},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":5}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"CC BY NC ND","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/117/16/8973.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/117/16/8973.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://www.pnas.org/syndication/doi/10.1073/pnas.1918205117","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1918205117","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918205117","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32245815","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/id/eprint/74558/7/Published_Version.pdf","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-411321","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/7183174","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7183174","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC7183174?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918205117","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918205117","host_type":""},{"url":"https://publications.scilifelab.se/publication/c5e1b42d52a0441e9779b05de930430f","host_type":""},{"url":"https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1918205117","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms","Physiological and biochemical adaptations","0301 basic medicine","03 medical and health sciences","0303 health sciences","Aging","Animals","Animals, Genetically Modified","Embryo, Nonmammalian","Female","Gene Knockdown Techniques","Germ Cells","Male","Models, Animal","RNA-Binding Proteins","Regeneration","Sex Factors","Stress, Physiological","Whole-Body Irradiation","Zebrafish","Zebrafish Proteins"],"mesh_terms":["Aging","Animals","Embryo, Nonmammalian","Female","Germ Cells","Male","Regeneration","Sex Factors","Stress, Physiological","Whole-Body Irradiation","Zebrafish","RNA-Binding Proteins","Models, Animal","Zebrafish Proteins","Animals, Genetically Modified","Gene Knockdown Techniques"],"keywords":["Germline","Somatic cell","Soma","Zebrafish","Biology","Germline mutation","Danio","Vertebrate","Genetics","Germ","Cell biology","Mutation","Neuroscience","Gene","Aging","Germ line","Somatic Maintenance","Male","570","Embryo, Nonmammalian","Cellbiologi","610","Animals, Genetically Modified","Sex Factors","Stress, Physiological","Animals","Regeneration","RNA-Binding Proteins","Biological Sciences","Zebrafish Proteins","Germ Cells","Gene Knockdown Techniques","Models, Animal","Female","Whole-Body Irradiation"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. Good health"},{"sdg_number":14,"sdg_label":"14. Life underwater"},{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Life below water"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"doi"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-04T12:36:18.585343Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}