{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1807109115","title":"Distinct ways of G:U recognition by conserved tRNA binding motifs","abstract":"<jats:title>Significance</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases (aaRSs) establish the rules to express the universal genetic code. During aminoacylation, each of the 20 aaRSs associates 1 of 20 amino acids with a specific trinucleotide known as anticodon. Remarkably, for alanyl-tRNAs, the synthetase makes no contact with the anticodon. Instead, it uses a “second genetic code” by picking out a single G3:U70 base pair in the tRNA acceptor stem, which is close to the amino acid attachment site, but 76 Å away from the anticodon. Here, we show that, while in the three kingdoms of life, alanyl-tRNA synthetases use G3:U70 to identify alanyl-tRNAs, surprisingly, they use three different mechanisms to achieve this. We thus suggest that, in evolution, the genetic code had a powerful and persistent preference for associating G:U with alanine.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2018,"id":31620,"datarank":1.2392628170710744,"base_score":3.4965075614664802,"endowment":3.4965075614664802,"self_citation_contribution":0.5244761342199721,"citation_network_contribution":0.7147866828511025,"self_endowment_contribution":0.5244761342199721,"citer_contribution":0.7147866828511025,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":32,"citer_count":29,"citers_with_citation_signal":26,"citers_with_endowment":26,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":164535,"name":"Min Guo","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":169073,"name":"Xiang-Lei Yang","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":169074,"name":"Bernhard Kuhle","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":169075,"name":"Masahiro Naganuma","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":112041,"name":"Shun-ichi Sekine","orcid":"0000-0001-8174-8704","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":111005,"name":"Shigeyuki Yokoyama","orcid":"0000-0003-3133-7338","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":169076,"name":"Paul Schimmel","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":169072,"name":"Yeeting E. Chong","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":3.4965075614664802,"endowment":3.4965075614664802,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"29967150","pmcid":"PMC6055181","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2810772875","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 GM023562","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIGMS NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 GM015539","title":null},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R01GM015539-34","title":"INVESTIGATIONS OF REACTIONS OF PHYSIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE"},{"funder_name":"National Institutes of Health","grant_id":"5R01GM023562-29","title":"GENETIC APPROACHES TO PROTEIN-NUCLEIC ACID INTERACTIONS"}],"total_grants":4,"fwci":1.2986,"citation_percentile":0.80227021,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2018,"count":1},{"year":2019,"count":7},{"year":2020,"count":5},{"year":2021,"count":1},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":9},{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":1}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"CC BY NC ND","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/29/7527.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/29/7527.full.pdf","host_type":"HYBRID"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/115/29/7527.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1807109115","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807109115","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29967150","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/6055181","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6055181","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC6055181?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807109115","host_type":""},{"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1807109115","host_type":""}],"fields_of_study":["RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","RNA modifications and cancer","RNA Research and Splicing","Medicine","Chemistry","Biology","0301 basic medicine","0303 health sciences","03 medical and health sciences","Alanine-tRNA Ligase","Escherichia coli","Escherichia coli Proteins","Humans","Models, Molecular","Mutation","Nucleotide Motifs","RNA, Transfer"],"mesh_terms":["Alanine-tRNA Ligase","Escherichia coli","Humans","Models, Molecular","Mutation","RNA, Transfer","Escherichia coli Proteins","Nucleotide Motifs"],"keywords":["Wobble base pair","Biology","Genetic code","Genetics","Transfer RNA","Conserved sequence","Base pair","Peptide sequence","DNA","RNA","Gene","Evolution","tRNA","Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase","Specificity","Second Genetic Code","Models, Molecular","Escherichia coli Proteins","Alanine-tRNA Ligase","Biological Sciences","RNA, Transfer","Mutation","Escherichia coli","Humans","Nucleotide Motifs"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":3,"sdg_label":"3. 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