{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1605886113","title":"Expression of tandem gene duplicates is often greater than twofold","abstract":"<jats:title>Significance</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Differences among individuals and species originate from changes to the genome. Yet our knowledge of the principles that might allow prediction of the effects of any particular mutation is limited. One such prediction might be that duplicating a gene would double the gene’s output. We show that this is actually not the case in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila</jats:italic>\n                    flies. Instead, in almost all of the cases we tested (using a naturally occurring and an artificially constructed tandem duplicate gene), we observed that the output of the duplicated genes was greater than double the output of single copies—as much as five times greater. This finding suggests that tandem duplicate genes could have disproportionate effects when they occur.\n                  </jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2016,"id":642731,"datarank":3.0050805872381297,"base_score":4.709530201312334,"endowment":4.709530201312334,"self_citation_contribution":0.7064295301968502,"citation_network_contribution":2.2986510570412793,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7064295301968502,"citer_contribution":2.2986510570412793,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":110,"citer_count":106,"citers_with_citation_signal":82,"citers_with_endowment":82,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":115374,"name":"Sean B. Carroll","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":731784,"name":"David W. Loehlin","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Expression of tandem gene duplicates is often greater than twofold","abstract":"<jats:title>Significance</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>\n                    Differences among individuals and species originate from changes to the genome. Yet our knowledge of the principles that might allow prediction of the effects of any particular mutation is limited. One such prediction might be that duplicating a gene would double the gene’s output. We show that this is actually not the case in\n                    <jats:italic>Drosophila</jats:italic>\n                    flies. Instead, in almost all of the cases we tested (using a naturally occurring and an artificially constructed tandem duplicate gene), we observed that the output of the duplicated genes was greater than double the output of single copies—as much as five times greater. This finding suggests that tandem duplicate genes could have disproportionate effects when they occur.\n                  </jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.709530201312334,"endowment":4.709530201312334,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"27162370","pmcid":"PMC4889415","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2362053680","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Howard Hughes Medical Institute","grant_id":"none","title":null}],"total_grants":1,"fwci":4.6132,"citation_percentile":0.95120581,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2016,"count":1},{"year":2017,"count":9},{"year":2018,"count":9},{"year":2019,"count":8},{"year":2020,"count":7},{"year":2021,"count":13},{"year":2022,"count":20},{"year":2023,"count":15},{"year":2024,"count":8},{"year":2025,"count":11},{"year":2026,"count":8}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"http://www.pnas.org/preview_site/misc/userlicense.xhtml","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/113/21/5988.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/113/21/5988.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://www.pnas.org/syndication/doi/10.1073/pnas.1605886113","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1605886113","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1605886113","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27162370","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4889415","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Genomics and Phylogenetic Studies","Evolution and Genetic Dynamics","Chromosomal and Genetic Variations","Alcohol Dehydrogenase","Animals","Drosophila Proteins","Drosophila melanogaster","Gene Duplication","Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic","Humans","Organisms, Genetically Modified","Transcription, Genetic"],"mesh_terms":["Alcohol Dehydrogenase","Animals","Drosophila melanogaster","Humans","Transcription, Genetic","Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic","Gene Duplication","Drosophila Proteins","Organisms, Genetically Modified"],"keywords":["Gene","Biology","Genetics","Genome","Computational biology","Tandem","Drosophila melanogaster","Gene expression","Drosophila (subgenus)","Evolutionary biology","Position effect","Gene structure","Genome evolution","Tandem Duplication"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[{"name":"gen"},{"name":"uniprot"}],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-08T03:08:21.615705Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}