{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1416883112","title":"Translation initiation mediated by RNA looping","abstract":"<jats:title>Significance</jats:title>\n          <jats:p>“Ribosomal scanning” is the generally accepted hypothesis for explaining how eukaryotic 40S ribosomal subunits find initiation codons. Some recently described phenomena cannot be explained by the ribosomal scanning hypothesis, however. Here we show that 43S ribosomal complexes recruited to locations downstream of a reporter gene can direct translation of the reporter independent of the 5′ end, suggesting that 43S ribosomal complex recognizes the initiation codon by “RNA looping” of the intervening mRNA segment between the ribosome recruiting site and the initiation codon. Moreover, we provide a mathematical model for the RNA looping hypothesis. The RNA looping hypothesis provides a logical explanation for translational augmentation by translation-enhancing elements located upstream and/or downstream of a protein-coding region.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2015,"id":21749,"datarank":2.405892501854441,"base_score":4.189654742026425,"endowment":4.189654742026425,"self_citation_contribution":0.6284482113039639,"citation_network_contribution":1.7774442905504768,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6284482113039639,"citer_contribution":1.7774442905504768,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":65,"citer_count":61,"citers_with_citation_signal":52,"citers_with_endowment":52,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":138926,"name":"Ka Young Hong","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":138927,"name":"Incheol Ryu","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":138928,"name":"Sung Mi Park","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":138929,"name":"Sun Ju Keum","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":138930,"name":"Oh Sung Kwon","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":138931,"name":"Sung Key Jang","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":138925,"name":"Ki Young Paek","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.189654742026425,"endowment":4.189654742026425,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"25583496","pmcid":"PMC4313796","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2032504550","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","grant_id":"No. 2013076206","title":null},{"funder_name":"Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning","grant_id":"No. 20100019706","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":4.3667,"citation_percentile":0.95027854,"influential_citations":4,"citation_trend":[{"year":2015,"count":6},{"year":2016,"count":9},{"year":2017,"count":7},{"year":2018,"count":7},{"year":2019,"count":1},{"year":2020,"count":8},{"year":2021,"count":7},{"year":2022,"count":2},{"year":2023,"count":5},{"year":2024,"count":6},{"year":2025,"count":4},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"cc-by-nc-nd","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/4/1041.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/4/1041.full.pdf","host_type":"BRONZE"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/112/4/1041.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://www.pnas.org/syndication/doi/10.1073/pnas.1416883112","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1416883112","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1416883112","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25583496","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://oasis.postech.ac.kr/handle/2014.oak/13039","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4313796","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["RNA and protein synthesis mechanisms","RNA regulation and disease","Viral Infections and Immunology Research","Biology","Medicine","3' Untranslated Regions","Codon, Initiator","Genes, Reporter","HEK293 Cells","Humans","Nucleic Acid Conformation","Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational","RNA Caps","Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic"],"mesh_terms":["Humans","Nucleic Acid Conformation","Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational","RNA Caps","Genes, Reporter","Codon, Initiator","3' Untranslated Regions","Ribosome Subunits, Small, Eukaryotic","HEK293 Cells"],"keywords":["Translation (biology)","Eukaryotic translation","RNA","Internal ribosome entry site","Computational biology","Biology","Chemistry","Genetics","Messenger RNA","Gene","Eukaryotic mRNA","Translation initiation","Rna Looping","Ribosome Scanning"],"sdg_mappings":[],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-06T16:42:31.702459Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}