{"doi":"10.1073/pnas.1322295111","title":"Damage to insula abolishes cognitive distortions during simulated gambling","abstract":"<jats:title>Significance</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gambling games are associated with a distorted psychological processing of random sequences (the gambler’s fallacy) and unrewarded outcomes that fall close to a jackpot (near misses). Problem gamblers appear more susceptible to these effects. Here, we show that these two gambling distortions are disrupted in patients with brain injury affecting the insula compared with patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex or amygdala. In a roulette task (red/black predictions), comparison groups chose either color less after longer runs of that color outcome. On a slot machine task, comparison groups rated higher motivation following near misses relative to full misses. Our results generate a clinical hypothesis that, in disordered gambling, these cognitions may be underpinned by excessive recruitment of insula circuitry.</jats:p>","journal":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","year":2014,"id":651083,"datarank":0.7168685239667295,"base_score":4.77912349311153,"endowment":4.77912349311153,"self_citation_contribution":0.7168685239667295,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.7168685239667295,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":118,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1697909,"name":"Bettina Studer","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":274741,"name":"Joel Bruss","orcid":"0000-0003-2415-1658","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":271859,"name":"Daniel Tranel","orcid":"0000-0002-1338-1389","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1535971,"name":"Antoine Bechara","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":213955,"name":"Luke Clark","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Damage to insula abolishes cognitive distortions during simulated gambling","abstract":"<jats:title>Significance</jats:title>\n                  <jats:p>Gambling games are associated with a distorted psychological processing of random sequences (the gambler’s fallacy) and unrewarded outcomes that fall close to a jackpot (near misses). Problem gamblers appear more susceptible to these effects. Here, we show that these two gambling distortions are disrupted in patients with brain injury affecting the insula compared with patients with damage to the ventromedial prefrontal cortex or amygdala. In a roulette task (red/black predictions), comparison groups chose either color less after longer runs of that color outcome. On a slot machine task, comparison groups rated higher motivation following near misses relative to full misses. Our results generate a clinical hypothesis that, in disordered gambling, these cognitions may be underpinned by excessive recruitment of insula circuitry.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":4.77912349311153,"endowment":4.77912349311153,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"24711387","pmcid":"PMC4000793","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W1985636208","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"G1000183B","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 DA022549","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"P01 NS19632","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"G0001354","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"G1100554","title":null},{"funder_name":"NIDA NIH HHS","grant_id":"R01 DA023051","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"G0001354B","title":null},{"funder_name":"Medical Research Council","grant_id":"G1000183","title":null},{"funder_name":"NINDS NIH HHS","grant_id":"P01 NS019632","title":null}],"total_grants":9,"fwci":14.7997,"citation_percentile":0.99277978,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2014,"count":8},{"year":2015,"count":9},{"year":2016,"count":14},{"year":2017,"count":12},{"year":2018,"count":11},{"year":2019,"count":16},{"year":2020,"count":7},{"year":2021,"count":14},{"year":2022,"count":5},{"year":2023,"count":10},{"year":2024,"count":6},{"year":2025,"count":3},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":"cc-by-nc","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/16/6098.full.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://www.pnas.org/content/pnas/111/16/6098.full.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pnas.org/doi/pdf/10.1073/pnas.1322295111","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1322295111","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/24711387","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/245248","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1426698/","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4000793","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Gambling Behavior and Treatments","Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics","Schizophrenia research and treatment","Amygdala","Cerebral Cortex","Choice Behavior","Cognition Disorders","Computer Simulation","Gambling","Humans","Motivation","Prefrontal Cortex","Task Performance and Analysis"],"mesh_terms":["Amygdala","Cerebral Cortex","Choice Behavior","Cognition Disorders","Computer Simulation","Gambling","Humans","Motivation","Task Performance and Analysis","Prefrontal Cortex"],"keywords":["Insula","Ventromedial prefrontal cortex","Psychology","Amygdala","Cognition","Cognitive bias","Cognitive psychology","Neuroscience","Prefrontal cortex","neuropsychology","emotion","Insular cortex"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-10T06:37:24.977286Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}