{"doi":"10.1056/nejmoa2302368","title":"Trial of the MIND Diet for Prevention of Cognitive Decline in Older Persons","abstract":"BACKGROUND: Findings from observational studies suggest that dietary patterns may offer protective benefits against cognitive decline, but data from clinical trials are limited. The Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay, known as the MIND diet, is a hybrid of the Mediterranean diet and the DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) diet, with modifications to include foods that have been putatively associated with a decreased risk of dementia. METHODS: We performed a two-site, randomized, controlled trial involving older adults without cognitive impairment but with a family history of dementia, a body-mass index (the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters) greater than 25, and a suboptimal diet, as determined by means of a 14-item questionnaire, to test the cognitive effects of the MIND diet with mild caloric restriction as compared with a control diet with mild caloric restriction. We assigned the participants in a 1:1 ratio to follow the intervention or the control diet for 3 years. All the participants received counseling regarding adherence to their assigned diet plus support to promote weight loss. The primary end point was the change from baseline in a global cognition score and four cognitive domain scores, all of which were derived from a 12-test battery. The raw scores from each test were converted to z scores, which were averaged across all tests to create the global cognition score and across component tests to create the four domain scores; higher scores indicate better cognitive performance. The secondary outcome was the change from baseline in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-derived measures of brain characteristics in a nonrandom sample of participants. RESULTS: A total of 1929 persons underwent screening, and 604 were enrolled; 301 were assigned to the MIND-diet group and 303 to the control-diet group. The trial was completed by 93.4% of the participants. From baseline to year 3, improvements in global cognition scores were observed in both groups, with increases of 0.205 standardized units in the MIND-diet group and 0.170 standardized units in the control-diet group (mean difference, 0.035 standardized units; 95% confidence interval, -0.022 to 0.092; P = 0.23). Changes in white-matter hyperintensities, hippocampal volumes, and total gray- and white-matter volumes on MRI were similar in the two groups. CONCLUSIONS: Among cognitively unimpaired participants with a family history of dementia, changes in cognition and brain MRI outcomes from baseline to year 3 did not differ significantly between those who followed the MIND diet and those who followed the control diet with mild caloric restriction. (Funded by the National Institute on Aging; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT02817074.).","journal":"New England Journal of Medicine","year":2023,"id":314877,"datarank":3.8968365304395807,"base_score":5.786897381366708,"endowment":5.786897381366708,"self_citation_contribution":0.8680346072050062,"citation_network_contribution":3.0288019232345746,"self_endowment_contribution":0.8680346072050062,"citer_contribution":3.0288019232345746,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":325,"citer_count":100,"citers_with_citation_signal":100,"citers_with_endowment":100,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9564,"is_data_producer":true,"deposit_databanks":{"ClinicalTrials.gov":["NCT02817074"]},"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":38611,"name":"Klodian Dhana","orcid":"0000-0002-6397-7009","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":628264,"name":"Xiaoran Liu","orcid":"0000-0001-7356-645X","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":11440,"name":"Vincent J. Carey","orcid":"0000-0003-4046-0063","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":629397,"name":"Jennifer Ventrelle","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":629398,"name":"Kathleen A. Johnson","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":629399,"name":"Chiquia S. Hollings","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":398883,"name":"Louise Bishop","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":252194,"name":"Nancy Laranjo","orcid":"0000-0002-0280-1405","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":253330,"name":"Benjamin J. Stubbs","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":629401,"name":"Xavier Reilly","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292302,"name":"Puja Agarwal","orcid":"0000-0002-0274-6653","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":710192,"name":"Shengwei Zhang","orcid":"0000-0003-0840-0730","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":340012,"name":"Francine Grodstein","orcid":"0000-0002-2699-7051","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":628265,"name":"Christy Tangney","orcid":"0000-0002-2431-9687","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292301,"name":"Thomas Holland","orcid":"0000-0002-9888-0194","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":245368,"name":"Neelum T. Aggarwal","orcid":"0000-0002-4341-8023","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":465094,"name":"Konstantinos Arfanakis","orcid":"0000-0001-9705-597X","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":292303,"name":"Martha Clare Morris","orcid":"0000-0002-5355-4918","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":39750,"name":"Frank M. Sacks","orcid":"0000-0003-1341-1995","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":325844,"name":"Lisa L. 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