{"doi":"10.1055/a-2156-4653","title":"Immulina as an Immunostimulatory Supplement: Formulation and Pharmacological Studies","abstract":"Abstract Immulina is a commercially available extract of Arthrospira platensis enriched with bacterial lipoproteins that acts as a potent Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. However, the immunostimulatory effect of Immulina is not well understood in vivo. Here, to devise an Immulina formulation suitable for in vivo oral gavage dosing, Immulina nanosuspension was prepared and freeze-dried to yield lyophilized nano-Immulina, which had an average particle size of around 300 nm and fully retained the bioactivity as a Toll-like receptor 2 agonist. Compared to the regular Immulina powder, lyophilized nano-Immulina notably accelerated the dissolution in aqueous media. Immulina nanosuspension was found to stimulate the production of proinflammatory cytokines in murine bone marrow-derived dendritic cells and macrophages. The immune response to Immulina was investigated in healthy mice by longitudinally monitoring the phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils as a surrogate marker. Following daily oral ingestion of Immulina nanosuspension (10 mg/mouse/day), the phagocytic activity of circulating neutrophils was significantly elevated, suggesting an important mechanism for Immulina to enhance innate immunity.","journal":"Planta Medica","year":2023,"id":377485,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":3,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9529,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2023-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":489040,"name":"Nan Ji","orcid":"0000-0002-9001-8858","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1141559,"name":"Minia Wang","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":920475,"name":"Nirmal D. Pugh","orcid":"0000-0002-5392-3138","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":286137,"name":"Ikhlas A. Khan","orcid":"0000-0001-5464-4643","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":298513,"name":"Chalet Tan","orcid":"0000-0001-7489-7699","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":684604,"name":"Yusheng Li","orcid":"0000-0001-6057-8398","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":35,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T01:16:40.346877Z","pmid":"37647915","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}