{"doi":"10.1055/a-1931-4400","title":"Association Between the Variability of Glycated Hemoglobin and\n                    Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A\n                    Meta-Analysis","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Visit-to-visit variability of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a marker of\n                    long-term glycemic fluctuation, which has been related to increased risk of\n                    macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).\n                    The association between HbA1c variability and retinopathy in patients with T2DM,\n                    however, has been inconsistent in previous studies. In order to fully evaluate\n                    the above association, we conducted a meta-analysis. Observational studies\n                    related to the aim of the meta-analysis were identified by search of PubMed, Web\n                    of Science, and Embase databases. Studies with HbA1c variability evaluated as\n                    the standard deviation (SD) and/or the coefficients of variation (CV) of\n                    HbA1c were included. The results were analyzed using a random-effects model that\n                    incorporated potential heterogeneity between studies. Twelve observational\n                    studies involving 44 662 T2DM patients contributed to the meta-analysis.\n                    Overall, 5150 (11.5%) patients developed retinopathy. Pooled results\n                    showed that compared to patients with lower HbA1c variability, T2DM patients\n                    with higher HbA1c-SD (relative risk [RR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval\n                    [CI]: 1.24 to 1.78, p&lt;0.001, I2=34%) and higher HbA1c-CV\n                    (RR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.59, p=0.02, I2=0%)\n                    were both associated with higher risk of DR. For studies with HbA1c-SD, the\n                    association was not significantly affected by study characteristics such as\n                    country, study design, mean age, disease duration, adjustment of mean HbA1c, or\n                    quality scores (p for subgroup difference all&gt;0.05). In conclusion,\n                    higher HbA1c variability may be associated with an increased risk of retinopathy\n                    in patients with T2DM.</jats:p>","journal":"Hormone and Metabolic Research","year":2023,"id":649695,"datarank":0.3958585994422889,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"self_citation_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.3958585994422889,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":13,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":1378466,"name":"Jun Lu","orcid":"0000-0003-2025-2603","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1693763,"name":"Xinjian Cao","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":106134,"name":"Jun Zhang","orcid":"0000-0002-1289-0624","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1192545,"name":"Yong Yin","orcid":"0000-0003-1090-4313","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":860249,"name":"Hu Tian","orcid":"0000-0002-8015-9083","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1693761,"name":"Liping Zhai","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"resolved":true,"title":"Association Between the Variability of Glycated Hemoglobin and\n                    Retinopathy in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A\n                    Meta-Analysis","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Visit-to-visit variability of glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) is a marker of\n                    long-term glycemic fluctuation, which has been related to increased risk of\n                    macrovascular complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).\n                    The association between HbA1c variability and retinopathy in patients with T2DM,\n                    however, has been inconsistent in previous studies. In order to fully evaluate\n                    the above association, we conducted a meta-analysis. Observational studies\n                    related to the aim of the meta-analysis were identified by search of PubMed, Web\n                    of Science, and Embase databases. Studies with HbA1c variability evaluated as\n                    the standard deviation (SD) and/or the coefficients of variation (CV) of\n                    HbA1c were included. The results were analyzed using a random-effects model that\n                    incorporated potential heterogeneity between studies. Twelve observational\n                    studies involving 44 662 T2DM patients contributed to the meta-analysis.\n                    Overall, 5150 (11.5%) patients developed retinopathy. Pooled results\n                    showed that compared to patients with lower HbA1c variability, T2DM patients\n                    with higher HbA1c-SD (relative risk [RR]: 1.48, 95% confidence interval\n                    [CI]: 1.24 to 1.78, p&lt;0.001, I2=34%) and higher HbA1c-CV\n                    (RR: 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05 to 1.59, p=0.02, I2=0%)\n                    were both associated with higher risk of DR. For studies with HbA1c-SD, the\n                    association was not significantly affected by study characteristics such as\n                    country, study design, mean age, disease duration, adjustment of mean HbA1c, or\n                    quality scores (p for subgroup difference all&gt;0.05). In conclusion,\n                    higher HbA1c variability may be associated with an increased risk of retinopathy\n                    in patients with T2DM.</jats:p>","is_dataset_classified":null,"base_score":2.639057329615259,"endowment":2.639057329615259,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"36223803","pmcid":null,"openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W4304756633","authors":[],"funders":[{"funder_name":"Jiangsu Traditional Medicine and Technology Development Program of China","grant_id":"MS2021085","title":null},{"funder_name":"Taizhou\n                    Social Development Research Project, China","grant_id":"TS202011","title":null}],"total_grants":2,"fwci":1.9587,"citation_percentile":0.85693969,"influential_citations":0,"citation_trend":[{"year":2023,"count":1},{"year":2024,"count":3},{"year":2025,"count":6},{"year":2026,"count":3}],"oa_status":"bronze","license":null,"oa_locations":[{"url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/a-1931-4400.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"http://www.thieme-connect.de/products/ejournals/pdf/10.1055/a-1931-4400.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1055/a-1931-4400","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/36223803","host_type":"repository"}],"fields_of_study":["Retinal Diseases and Treatments","Retinal Imaging and Analysis","Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","Humans","Glycated Hemoglobin","Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","Diabetic Retinopathy","Retinal Diseases","Blood Glucose"],"mesh_terms":["Blood Glucose","Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","Diabetic Retinopathy","Glycated Hemoglobin","Humans","Retinal Diseases"],"keywords":["Medicine","Meta-analysis","Glycated hemoglobin","Internal medicine","Confidence interval","Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus","Glycemic","Relative risk","Observational study","Diabetic retinopathy","Diabetes mellitus","Subgroup analysis","Retinopathy","Type 2 diabetes","Endocrinology","Insulin"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-08-10T04:10:15.078663Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}