{"doi":"10.1053/j.jrn.2021.11.006","title":"Advanced Glycation End Products and Inflammatory Cytokine Profiles in Maintenance Hemodialysis Patients After the Ingestion of a Protein-Dense Meal","abstract":"OBJECTIVE: The goal of this investigation was to evaluate circulating and skeletal muscle inflammatory biomarkers between maintenance hemodialysis (MHD) and demographic-matched control subjects (CON) before and after ingestion of a protein-rich meal. DESIGN AND METHODS: ) underwent a basal blood draw and muscle biopsy and serial blood draws after the ingestion of a mixed meal on a nondialysis day. Plasma advanced glycation end products (AGEs) and markers of oxidation were assessed via liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry before and after the meal (+240 min). Circulating inflammatory cytokines and soluble receptors for AGE (sRAGE) isoforms (endogenous secretory RAGEs and cleaved RAGEs) were determined before and after the meal (+240 min). Basal muscle was probed for inflammatory cytokines and protein expression of related signaling components (RAGE, Toll-like receptor 4, oligosaccharyltransferase subunit 48, TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β, total IκBα, and pIκBα). RESULTS: Basal circulating AGEs were 7- to 343-fold higher (P < .001) in MHD than those in CON, but only MG-H1 increased in CON after the meal (P < .001). There was a group effect (MHD > CON) for total sRAGEs (P = .02) and endogenous secretory RAGEs (P < .001) and a trend for cleaved RAGEs (P=.09), with no meal effect. In addition, there was a group effect (MHD < CON; P < .05) for circulating fractalkine, interleukin (IL)10, IL17A, and IL1β and a trend (P < .10) for IL6 and macrophage inflammatory protein 1 alpha, whereas tumor necrosis factor alpha was higher in MHD (P < .001). In muscle, Toll-like receptor 4 (P = .03), TIR-domain-containing adapter-inducing interferon-β (P = .002), and oligosaccharyltransferase subunit 48 (P = .02) expression was lower in MHD than that in CON, whereas IL6 was higher (P = .01) and IL8 (P = .08) tended to be higher in MHD. CONCLUSION: Overall, MHD exhibited an exaggerated, circulating, and skeletal muscle inflammatory biomarker environment, and the meal did not appreciably affect the inflammatory status.","journal":"Journal of Renal Nutrition","year":2021,"id":200719,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9313,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2021-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":282554,"name":"Stephan van Vliet","orcid":"0000-0001-8992-555X","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":736220,"name":"Edwin R. Miranda","orcid":"0000-0003-2370-4118","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":323552,"name":"Kelly N. Z. Fuller","orcid":"0000-0002-9335-9316","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":743247,"name":"Paul J. Beisswenger","orcid":"0000-0002-6594-6978","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":677747,"name":"Kenneth R. Wilund","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":778997,"name":"Scott A. Paluska","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":778511,"name":"Nicholas A. Burd","orcid":"0000-0001-5581-3154","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":493623,"name":"Jacob M. Haus","orcid":"0000-0002-8048-2470","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":778510,"name":"Ryan K. Perkins","orcid":"0000-0002-2546-4085","position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":69,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T23:50:48.624274Z","pmid":"34923111","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}