{"doi":"10.1051/aas:2000332","title":"The SIMBAD astronomical database","abstract":"Simbad is the reference database for identification and bibliography ofastronomical objects. It contains identifications, `basic data', bibliography,and selected observational measurements for several million astronomicalobjects. Simbad is developed and maintained by CDS, Strasbourg. Building thedatabase contents is achieved with the help of several contributing institutes.Scanning the bibliography is the result of the collaboration of CDS withbibliographers in Observatoire de Paris (DASGAL), Institut d'Astrophysique deParis, and Observatoire de Bordeaux. When selecting catalogues and tables forinclusion, priority is given to optimal multi-wavelength coverage of thedatabase, and to support of research developments linked to large projects. Inparallel, the systematic scanning of the bibliography reflects the diversityand general trends of astronomical research. A WWW interface to Simbad is available at: http://simbad.u-strasbg.fr/Simbad","journal":"Astronomy and Astrophysics Supplement Series","year":2000,"id":6601,"datarank":10.68902312410742,"base_score":7.690743163541872,"endowment":7.690743163541872,"self_citation_contribution":1.1536114745312809,"citation_network_contribution":9.535411649576139,"self_endowment_contribution":1.1536114745312809,"citer_contribution":9.535411649576139,"corpus_percentile":79.98372660699756,"corpus_rank":247,"citation_count":2300,"citer_count":196,"citers_with_citation_signal":196,"citers_with_endowment":196,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":true,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9366,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2000-04-01","fair_score":48.9583,"fair_percentile":77.63852242744063,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":60743,"name":"F. Ochsenbein","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":12930,"name":"D. Egret","orcid":"0000-0003-1605-7047","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60744,"name":"P. Dubois","orcid":"0000-0002-5626-721X","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60745,"name":"F. Bonnarel","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60746,"name":"S. Borde","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60747,"name":"F. Genova","orcid":"0000-0002-6318-5028","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60748,"name":"G. Jasniewicz","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60749,"name":"S. Laloë","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60750,"name":"S. Lesteven","orcid":"0000-0002-1702-6173","position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60751,"name":"R. Monier","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60752,"name":"Richard Monier","orcid":"0000-0002-0735-5512","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":60742,"name":"M. Wenger","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":15,"raw_metadata":{"citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-03-01T18:20:47.508186Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":57.5,"fair_a":67.5,"fair_i":37.5,"fair_r":33.3333,"fair_zscore":0.3389,"fair_rationale":{"fair_score":48.96,"has_llm":true,"dimensions":{"F":{"name":"Findable","score":57.5,"criteria":[{"key":"f_has_doi","label":"Has a persistent DOI","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"DOI present","rationale":null},{"key":"f_repository_presence","label":"Indexed in repositories / literature DBs","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"datacite=0, pmcid=False, pmid=False","rationale":null},{"key":"f_persistent_ids","label":"Resolvable scholarly identifiers (OpenAlex)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no OpenAlex id","rationale":null},{"key":"f_metadata_richness","label":"Rich, machine-readable metadata","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.75,"signal":null,"rationale":"The paper describes rich metadata schemes (e.g., hierarchical object types, coordinates, magnitudes, spectral types), but does not claim machine-readable metadata standards or structured data serialization formats in the provided text."}]},"A":{"name":"Accessible","score":67.5,"criteria":[{"key":"a_open_access","label":"Open Access / files deposited","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"Open Access","rationale":null},{"key":"a_retrievable","label":"Free full text retrievable","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"0 OA location(s)","rationale":null},{"key":"a_access_protocol","label":"Clear data/code access protocol","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.75,"signal":null,"rationale":"Access protocols are described (WWW, telnet, client/server), yet authentication and restricted access for a charged service limit fully open access despite specifying URLs and usage procedures."}]},"I":{"name":"Interoperable","score":37.5,"criteria":[{"key":"i_linked_data","label":"Linked datasets / DataCite relations","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"linked_datasets=0, datacite=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standard_ids","label":"References data via standard accessions","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"accessions=0, trials=0","rationale":null},{"key":"i_standards","label":"Standard formats, vocabularies & identifiers","kind":"llm","weight":1.0,"fraction":0.75,"signal":null,"rationale":"The use of common standards (bibcodes, ICRS coordinates, object-type hierarchy) is evident, but the text lacks explicit mention of formal data interchange standards (e.g., XML, standard vocabularies like VO-URP) for full interoperability."}]},"R":{"name":"Reusable","score":33.33,"criteria":[{"key":"r_license","label":"Clear, open reuse license","kind":"deterministic","weight":1.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no license","rationale":null},{"key":"r_downloads","label":"Demonstrated reuse (downloads)","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"downloads=0","rationale":null},{"key":"r_version","label":"Versioned / maintained","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":0.0,"signal":"no version chain","rationale":null},{"key":"r_dataset","label":"Classified as a data resource","kind":"deterministic","weight":0.5,"fraction":1.0,"signal":"is_dataset","rationale":null},{"key":"r_reusability","label":"Data-availability statement, license & reproducibility","kind":"llm","weight":2.0,"fraction":0.5,"signal":null,"rationale":"No data-availability statement or explicit license is provided; while data can be queried and reused via interfaces, the paper does not specify conditions for reuse or reproducibility of results."}]}},"suggestions":["Provide a formal data-availability statement and usage license (e.g., Creative Commons) in the paper or accompanying documentation.","Specify standard machine-readable formats (e.g., VOTable, XML) for metadata and data export to enhance interoperability.","Include explicit instructions or version identifiers for reproducibility of queries and database snapshots used in the paper.","Adopt persistent identifiers (e.g., DOIs) for the dataset and link them in the abstract or references.","Clarify access conditions for all user groups (e.g., free access for non-commercial use) beyond the current charging model."],"model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","agent_version":"fair_agent_v2","fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf"},"fair_model":"deepseek/deepseek-v4-flash","fair_agent_version":"fair_agent_v2","fair_fulltext_source":"unpaywall_pdf","fair_has_llm":true,"fair_computed_at":"2026-06-18T00:30:32.775489Z","clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}