{"doi":"10.1039/d5tb01702e","title":"Focused ultrasound propulsion of acoustically active nanoparticles into gelatin hydrogels","abstract":"' ∼100-2100 Pa) on cavitation-mediated nanoparticle transport was tested using phospholipid-coated, hydrophobically modified mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DBPC HMSNs) and high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU). The minimum duty cycle required for effective penetration increased with hydrogel stiffness: 0.5% for 2% gelatin, 1.0% for 4% gelatin, and 3.6% for 8% gelatin. Soft hydrogels (2-4%) developed localized microchannels and release of gelatin from the gels only when treated with DBPC HMSNs under HIFU, but maintained their bulk mechanical properties. Stiff 8% gelatin exhibited organized honeycomb structures with 20-40% modulus reduction and amine release even in non-cavitating controls, indicating bulk weakening across all treatment groups. Non-cavitating control particles (unmodified MSNs) showed minimal penetration across all conditions, confirming cavitation as the primary driver of particle transport. SEM revealed treatment-dependent morphological changes across all HIFU-treated gels, including the formation of micropores and organized structures. These findings reveal that soft hydrogels (100-450 Pa) allow localized cavitation-mediated transport while preserving bulk integrity, whereas stiffer (>1000 Pa) hydrogels require higher acoustic intensities that inevitably cause bulk mechanical weakening. This stiffness-dependent response suggests that effective translation to biological barriers will require matching ultrasound parameters to target tissue mechanics.","journal":"Journal of Materials Chemistry B","year":2025,"id":537145,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":1,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9641,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":794457,"name":"Shane D. Curry","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1284472,"name":"Sven A. Saemundsson","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1284473,"name":"Bryce M. Bower","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":431939,"name":"N. Jennifer","orcid":"0000-0002-2840-1653","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":402814,"name":"Andrew P. Goodwin","orcid":"0000-0002-7284-4005","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1233787,"name":"Talaial B. Alina","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:52:09.056872Z","pmid":"41234211","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}