{"doi":"10.1039/d4fd00205a","title":"Immune cell activation produces locally scrambled foci of plasma membrane lipids","abstract":"or apoptotic signaling, shuttle phospholipids down their concentration gradient to release lipid asymmetry. Such scrambling is typically evidenced by exposure of phosphatidylserine (PS) to the external leaflet and is associated with many physiological processes, most notably blood clotting and cell death, but also activation of immune cells. Here, we show that both PS and phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) appear on the PM external leaflet following immune receptor-mediated activation of mast cells. We also observe similar effects in T cells. Importantly, in contrast to wholesale release of PM asymmetry induced by calcium ionophores or apoptosis, we show that scrambling in activated immune cells is focal, with small, stable regions of surface exposed PS. These scrambled foci are calcium dependent, have lower lipid packing than their surrounding outer leaflet, and are reversible. These observations of local, transient scrambling during physiological activation of healthy immune cells suggest important roles for the lateral and transbilayer organization of membrane lipids.","journal":"Faraday Discussions","year":2025,"id":517024,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":8,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9548,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2025-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":229042,"name":"Milka Doktorova","orcid":"0000-0003-4366-2242","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":553681,"name":"Sze Ham Chan","orcid":"0000-0002-3235-0852","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1383354,"name":"Emma Han Guo","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":319293,"name":"Hongyin Wang","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1159768,"name":"Joseph H. Lorent","orcid":"0000-0002-7537-8521","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241900,"name":"Ilya Levental","orcid":"0000-0002-1206-9545","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":241895,"name":"Kandice R. Levental","orcid":"0000-0002-2234-3683","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":1383353,"name":"Daryna Sputay","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":51,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-19T02:48:54.768083Z","pmid":"40351229","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}