{"doi":"10.1039/d0lc00705f","title":"Skin-interfaced soft microfluidic systems with modular and reusable electronics for <i>in situ</i> capacitive sensing of sweat loss, rate and conductivity","abstract":"Important insights into human health can be obtained through the non-invasive collection and detailed analysis of sweat, a biofluid that contains a wide range of essential biomarkers. Skin-interfaced microfluidic platforms, characterized by soft materials and thin geometries, offer a collection of capabilities for in situ capture, storage, and analysis of sweat and its constituents. In ambulatory uses cases, the ability to provide real-time feedback on sweat loss, rate and content, without visual inspection of the device, can be important. This paper introduces a low-profile skin-interfaced system that couples disposable microfluidic sampling devices with reusable 'stick-on' electrodes and wireless readout electronics that remain isolated from the sweat. An ultra-thin capping layer on the microfluidic platform permits high-sensitivity, contactless capacitive measurements of both sweat loss and sweat conductivity. This architecture avoids the potential for corrosion of the sensing components and eliminates the need for cleaning/sterilizing the electronics, thereby resulting in a cost-effective platform that is simple to use. Optimized electrode designs follow from a combination of extensive benchtop testing, analytical calculations and FEA simulations for two sensing configurations: (1) sweat rate and loss, and (2) sweat conductivity, which contains information about electrolyte content. Both configurations couple to a flexible, wireless electronics platform that digitizes and transmits information to Bluetooth-enabled devices. On-body field testing during physical exercise validates the performance of the system in scenarios of practical relevance to human health and performance.","journal":"Lab on a Chip","year":2020,"id":95551,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":36,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9509,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":475949,"name":"Stéphanie Schon","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474774,"name":"Yeguang Xue","orcid":"0000-0002-1968-5092","position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236086,"name":"Raudel Avila","orcid":"0000-0003-1525-3660","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474775,"name":"Weihua Li","orcid":"0000-0002-6190-8421","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474776,"name":"Yiwei Gao","orcid":"0000-0002-8834-1664","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236090,"name":"Claire Liu","orcid":"0000-0003-4308-389X","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":260885,"name":"Sung Bong Kim","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474777,"name":"Milan Raj","orcid":"0000-0003-1346-6718","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":475950,"name":"Kelsey B. Fields","orcid":null,"position":9,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":475951,"name":"Blake V. Parsons","orcid":null,"position":10,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257729,"name":"KunHyuck Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-9765-1541","position":11,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474778,"name":"Jong Yoon Lee","orcid":"0000-0003-1626-7669","position":12,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474779,"name":"Ha Uk Chung","orcid":"0000-0003-3592-8944","position":13,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474780,"name":"Stephen P. Lee","orcid":"0000-0002-8521-8652","position":14,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474781,"name":"Michael Johnson","orcid":"0000-0001-7350-3723","position":15,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257721,"name":"Amay J. Bandodkar","orcid":"0000-0002-1792-1506","position":16,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474782,"name":"Philipp Gutruf","orcid":"0000-0002-7183-7268","position":17,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474783,"name":"Jeffrey B. Model","orcid":"0000-0003-3052-7076","position":18,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474784,"name":"Alexander J. Aranyosi","orcid":"0000-0002-8133-5026","position":19,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":474785,"name":"Jungil Choi","orcid":"0000-0002-3659-8978","position":20,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":334356,"name":"Tyler R. Ray","orcid":"0000-0001-7047-9676","position":21,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":278712,"name":"Roozbeh Ghaffari","orcid":"0000-0001-5380-2363","position":22,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":236107,"name":"Yonggang Huang","orcid":"0000-0002-0483-8359","position":23,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":257745,"name":"John A. 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