{"doi":"10.1039/d0fo02438d","title":"Effects of (−)-epicatechin on neuroinflammation and hyperphosphorylation of tau in the hippocampus of aged mice","abstract":") and samples of the hippocampus were obtained. Assessments of the OS markers, protein carbonyls, and malondialdehyde levels demonstrated their significant increase (∼3 fold) with aging that were partially suppressed by Epi. The protein levels of the glial fibrillary acidic protein, inflammatory factor 1 (Iba1), pro-inflammatory cytokines, interleukins (IL-1β, IL-3, 5, 6 and 15), cyclooxygenase 2, tumor necrosis factor α, nuclear factor-activated B cells and interferon γ increase with aging and were also significantly decreased with Epi treatment. However, anti-inflammatory cytokines, IL-1ra, IL-10 and 11 decrease with aging and were restored with Epi. Epi also reversed the aging effects on the hyperphosphorylation of tau, increased soluble β-amyloid levels (∼2 fold), cellular death (as per caspase 3 and 9 activity), and reduced nerve growth factor and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 levels. Measures of anxiety like-behavior and memory demonstrated improvements with Epi treatment. Indicators of systemic inflammation increase with aging and Epi was capable of decreasing blood inflammatory markers. Altogether, the results show a significant capacity of Epi to mitigate hippocampus OS and inflammation leading to improved brain function.","journal":"Food & Function","year":2020,"id":96764,"datarank":0.0,"base_score":0.0,"endowment":0.0,"self_citation_contribution":0.0,"citation_network_contribution":0.0,"self_endowment_contribution":0.0,"citer_contribution":0.0,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":34,"citer_count":0,"citers_with_citation_signal":0,"citers_with_endowment":0,"datacite_reuse_total":0,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":0.9073,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":true,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":"2020-01-01","fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":415779,"name":"Alejandra Garate‐Carrillo","orcid":"0000-0001-8581-2283","position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":480128,"name":"Alonso Rodríguez","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":479254,"name":"Patricia Mendoza‐Lorenzo","orcid":"0000-0002-0395-1122","position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415780,"name":"Guillermo Ceballos","orcid":"0000-0003-2155-3934","position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":479255,"name":"Claudia Camelia Calzada‐Mendoza","orcid":"0000-0002-5893-8566","position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":479256,"name":"Michael C. Hogan","orcid":"0000-0003-3877-7088","position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":415782,"name":"Francisco Villarreal","orcid":"0000-0002-3251-4909","position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":416932,"name":"Israel Ramírez‐Sánchez","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":480127,"name":"Viridiana Navarrete-Yañez","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":true}],"reference_count":48,"raw_metadata":null,"created_at":"2026-07-18T22:35:06.014648Z","pmid":"33201160","pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}