{"doi":"10.1038/srep45187","title":"Brain arousal regulation as response predictor for antidepressant therapy in major depression","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>A tonically high level of brain arousal and its hyperstable regulation is supposed to be a pathogenic factor in major depression. Preclinical studies indicate that most antidepressants may counteract this dysregulation. Therefore, it was hypothesized that responders to antidepressants show a) a high level of EEG-vigilance (an indicator of brain arousal) and b) a more stable EEG-vigilance regulation than non-responders. In 65 unmedicated depressed patients 15-min resting-state EEGs were recorded off medication (baseline). In 57 patients an additional EEG was recorded 14 ± 1 days following onset of antidepressant treatment (T1). Response was defined as a ≥50% HAMD-17-improvement after 28 ± 1 days of treatment (T2), resulting in 29 responders and 36 non-responders. Brain arousal was assessed using the Vigilance Algorithm Leipzig (VIGALL 2.1). At baseline responders and non-responders differed in distribution of overall EEG-vigilance stages (F<jats:sub>2,133</jats:sub> = 4.780, p = 0.009), with responders showing significantly more high vigilance stage A and less low vigilance stage B. The 15-minutes Time-course of EEG-vigilance did not differ significantly between groups. Exploratory analyses revealed that responders showed a stronger decline in EEG-vigilance levels from baseline to T1 than non-responders (F<jats:sub>2,130</jats:sub> = 4.978, p = 0.005). Higher brain arousal level in responders to antidepressants supports the concept that dysregulation of brain arousal is a possible predictor of treatment response in affective disorders.</jats:p>","journal":"Scientific Reports","year":2017,"id":41606,"datarank":1.9821168250861896,"base_score":4.204692619390966,"endowment":4.204692619390966,"self_citation_contribution":0.6307038929086449,"citation_network_contribution":1.3514129321775445,"self_endowment_contribution":0.6307038929086449,"citer_contribution":1.3514129321775445,"corpus_percentile":null,"corpus_rank":null,"citation_count":66,"citer_count":50,"citers_with_citation_signal":43,"citers_with_endowment":43,"datacite_reuse_total":2,"is_dataset":false,"is_dataset_confidence":null,"is_data_producer":false,"deposit_databanks":null,"is_oa":false,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"has_version_chain":false,"published_date":null,"fair_score":null,"fair_percentile":null,"algorithm_id":"datarank_citation_only_1hop_v6","ranking_scope":"data_only","authors":[{"id":197760,"name":"Christian Sander","orcid":null,"position":1,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":200197,"name":"Marie-Elisa Dietz","orcid":null,"position":2,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":200198,"name":"Claudia Nowak","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":200199,"name":"Thomas Schröder","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":198674,"name":"Roland Mergl","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":198676,"name":"Peter Schönknecht","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":200200,"name":"Hubertus Himmerich","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":5075,"name":"Ulrich Hegerl","orcid":"0000-0002-3039-7470","position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":200196,"name":"Frank M. Schmidt","orcid":null,"position":0,"is_corresponding":false}],"reference_count":0,"raw_metadata":{"has_enrichment":true,"base_score":4.204692619390966,"endowment":4.204692619390966,"datacite_reuse_total":2,"file_count":0,"downloads":0,"views":0,"has_version_chain":false,"is_dataset":false,"is_oa":false,"pmid":"28345662","pmcid":"PMC5366924","openalex_id":"https://openalex.org/W2600819453","authors":[],"funders":[],"total_grants":0,"fwci":5.9535,"citation_percentile":0.96665083,"influential_citations":2,"citation_trend":[{"year":2017,"count":1},{"year":2018,"count":7},{"year":2019,"count":9},{"year":2020,"count":13},{"year":2021,"count":14},{"year":2022,"count":3},{"year":2023,"count":2},{"year":2024,"count":9},{"year":2025,"count":6},{"year":2026,"count":2}],"oa_status":"gold","license":"cc-by","oa_locations":[{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45187.pdf","host_type":"journal"},{"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep45187","host_type":"GOLD"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45187.pdf","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep45187","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"http://www.nature.com/doifinder/10.1038/srep45187","host_type":"publisher"},{"url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28345662","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/5366924","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://ul.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A74990","host_type":"repository"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5366924","host_type":"Europe_PMC"},{"url":"https://europepmc.org/articles/PMC5366924?pdf=render","host_type":"Europe_PMC"}],"fields_of_study":["Treatment of Major Depression","Functional Brain Connectivity Studies","Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","Medicine","Psychology","Adult","Algorithms","Antidepressive Agents","Arousal","Brain","Major Depressive Disorder","Electroencephalography","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","Treatment Outcome"],"mesh_terms":["Adult","Algorithms","Antidepressive Agents","Arousal","Brain","Depressive Disorder, Major","Major Depressive Disorder","Electroencephalography","Humans","Male","Middle Aged","Psychiatric Status Rating Scales","Treatment Outcome"],"keywords":["Vigilance (psychology)","Arousal","Electroencephalography","Psychology","Antidepressant","Medicine","Internal medicine","Audiology","Psychiatry","Neuroscience","Anxiety"],"sdg_mappings":[{"sdg_number":0,"sdg_label":"Good health and well-being"}],"linked_datasets":[{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.15139460","title":"Additional file 1 of Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"},{"doi":"10.6084/m9.figshare.15139460.v1","title":"Additional file 1 of Increased occurrence of PTSD symptoms in adolescents with major depressive disorder soon after the start of the COVID-19 outbreak in China: a cross-sectional survey","publisher":"figshare","resource_type":"JournalArticle"}],"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"database_accessions":[],"source":"live","citation_network_status":"fetched"},"created_at":"2026-06-13T03:03:51.100189Z","pmid":null,"pmcid":null,"fwci":null,"citation_percentile":null,"influential_citations":0,"oa_status":null,"license":null,"views":0,"total_file_size_bytes":0,"version_count":0,"fair_f":null,"fair_a":null,"fair_i":null,"fair_r":null,"fair_zscore":null,"fair_rationale":null,"fair_model":null,"fair_agent_version":null,"fair_fulltext_source":null,"fair_has_llm":null,"fair_computed_at":null,"clinical_trials":[],"software_tools":[],"db_accessions":[],"linked_datasets":[],"topics":[]}