{"doi":"10.1038/srep38948","title":"Genomic Identification and Comparative Expansion Analysis of the Non-Specific Lipid Transfer Protein Gene Family in Gossypium","abstract":"<jats:title>Abstract</jats:title><jats:p>Plant non-specific lipid transfer proteins (nsLTPs) are involved in many biological processes. In this study, 51, 47 and 91<jats:italic>nsLTPs</jats:italic>were identified in<jats:italic>Gossypium arboreum, G. raimondii</jats:italic>and their descendant allotetraploid<jats:italic>G. hirsutum</jats:italic>, respectively. All the<jats:italic>nsLTPs</jats:italic>were phylogenetically divided into 8 distinct subfamilies. Besides, the recent duplication, which is considered cotton-specific whole genome duplication, may have led to<jats:italic>nsLTP</jats:italic>expansion in<jats:italic>Gossypium</jats:italic>. Both tandem and segmental duplication contributed to<jats:italic>nsLTP</jats:italic>expansion in<jats:italic>G. arboreum</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>G. hirsutum</jats:italic>, while tandem duplication was the dominant pattern in<jats:italic>G. raimondii</jats:italic>. Additionally, the interspecific orthologous gene pairs in<jats:italic>Gossypium</jats:italic>were identified. Some<jats:italic>GaLTPs</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>GrLTPs</jats:italic>lost their orthologs in the A<jats:sub>t</jats:sub>and D<jats:sub>t</jats:sub>subgenomes, respectively, of<jats:italic>G. hirsutum</jats:italic>. The distribution of these<jats:italic>GrLTPs</jats:italic>and<jats:italic>GaLTPs</jats:italic>within each subfamily was complementary, suggesting that the loss and retention of<jats:italic>nsLTPs</jats:italic>in<jats:italic>G. hirsutum</jats:italic>might not be random. Moreover, the<jats:italic>nsLTPs</jats:italic>in the A<jats:sub>t</jats:sub>and D<jats:sub>t</jats:sub>subgenomes might have evolved symmetrically. Furthermore, both intraspecific and interspecific orthologous genes showed considerable expression variation, suggesting that their functions were strongly differentiated. Our results lay an important foundation for expansion and evolutionary analysis of the<jats:italic>nsLTP</jats:italic>family in<jats:italic>Gossypium</jats:italic>, and advance<jats:italic>nsLTP</jats:italic>studies in other plants, especially polyploid plants.</jats:p>","journal":"Scientific 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Yue","orcid":null,"position":3,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":207413,"name":"Noreen Bibi","orcid":null,"position":4,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":202936,"name":"Ming Wang","orcid":null,"position":5,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":207414,"name":"Hao Shen","orcid":null,"position":6,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":207415,"name":"Md Mosfeq-Ul Hasan","orcid":null,"position":7,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":207416,"name":"Xuede Wang","orcid":null,"position":8,"is_corresponding":false},{"id":6828,"name":"Feng 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